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Direct linkJoseph A. Hogan – Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2025
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) allows alternate pathways for school districts to identify and classify students with a specific learning disability (SLD). Response to Intervention (RtI) is one of the frameworks schools can use when eliminating the use of the discrepancy model. The premise of RtI posits that…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Students with Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, Classification
Susan Polirstok; Joseph A. Hogan – Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning, 2024
Multi-tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) is an outgrowth of Response to Intervention (RtI). The various systems of support for students and school communities provided through these programs are integral to modern education and embedded in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004. While there are many benefits to…
Descriptors: Multi Tiered Systems of Support, Response to Intervention, Program Implementation, Educational Legislation
Helen Ireton Weigand – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The state of Texas has been cited through the U.S. Department of Education under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) as failing to identify students under the Child Find component of the law using Response to Intervention/Multi-Tiered System of Support (RtI/MTSS). The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to identify…
Descriptors: Teacher Attitudes, Program Implementation, Federal Legislation, Equal Education
Donna L. Minnigh – ProQuest LLC, 2023
Recent legislation through the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015) has implications for school systems across the nation in creating and implementing a multi-tiered system of support. Pennsylvania has its own state legislation that also provides the language for schools to implement an MTSS framework that includes tiered support in academics through…
Descriptors: Multi Tiered Systems of Support, Program Implementation, Outcomes of Education, Positive Behavior Supports
Download full textAlahmari, Adhwaa – International Journal of Special Education, 2019
The researcher briefly reviewed the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework and explained how Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA, 2004) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) enhanced RtI implementation in general education classrooms. The main focus of this paper is to identify general educators' roles when implementing RtI…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Program Implementation, Educational Legislation, Equal Education
Berkeley, Sheri; Scanlon, David; Bailey, Tessie R.; Sutton, Jason C.; Sacco, Donna M. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2020
Response to intervention (RTI) has evolved from its first decade of implementation. Because states guide and regulate policy and practice at the state and local education agency levels, it is important to understand their critical role in RTI implementation. A systematic review of all 50 state education agency websites was conducted to provide an…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Positive Behavior Supports, Equal Education, Students with Disabilities
Linan-Thompson, Sylvia; Ortiz, Alba; Cavazos, Linda – School Psychology Review, 2022
Within a culturally and linguistically responsive (CLR) multitiered system of supports (MTSS) framework, effective policies, practices, and personnel ensure that resources and tools promote equity for all students. Observation data were analyzed to describe the implementation of two components of MTSS/RTI, assessment and data-based…
Descriptors: Multi Tiered Systems of Support, Response to Intervention, English Language Learners, Decision Making
Zirkel, Perry A. – Exceptional Children, 2018
This article provides a systematic and impartial analysis of the law, including hearing and review officer as well as judicial decisions, specific to the intersection of response to intervention (RTI) and school districts' ongoing affirmative obligation of child find. The results reveal that this intersection has not been the subject of…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, School Districts, Program Implementation, Disabilities
Farkas, George – Policy Analysis for California Education, PACE, 2020
This brief examines California's Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS), which is a framework designed to identify and assist students performing below grade level. MTSS involves at least three tiers of support; Tier 2 includes personalized assistance. Unfortunately, Tier 2 services are not adequately resourced so it is not surprising that…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Intervention, Response to Intervention, Resource Allocation
Slavin, Robert E. – Educational Psychologist, 2020
Evidence-based reform in education refers to policies that enable or encourage the use of programs and practices proven to be effective in rigorous research. This article discusses the increasing role of evidence in educational policy, rapid growth in availability of proven approaches, and development of reviews of research to summarize the…
Descriptors: Evidence Based Practice, Educational Change, Educational Research, Educational Practices
Schumacher, Robin F.; Zumeta Edmonds, Rebecca; Arden, Sarah V. – Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2017
Promising findings from controlled research studies often fail to be transferred to and implemented in schools successfully. This problem is particularly apparent when considering implementation of evidence-based practices related to complex systems such as response to intervention (RTI) and other multitiered intervention frameworks in…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Response to Intervention, Evidence Based Practice, Learning Disabilities
Hawes, Kathryn; Johnson, Amy; Duina, Angela Atkinson – Center for Education Policy, Applied Research, and Evaluation, 2020
In response to requirements of the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Maine enacted a rule requiring all schools to have a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) in place by 2012 for a general education, pre-referral system of student support. The purpose of this system, generally termed Response to Intervention (RtI) by…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Positive Behavior Supports, Students with Disabilities, Equal Education
DeMatthews, David E.; Knight, David S. – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2019
State accountability systems have been a primary school reform initiative in the US for the past 20 years, but often produce unintended negative consequences. In 2004, the Texas Education Agency (TEA) implemented the Performance Based Monitoring and Analysis System (PBMAS), which included an accountability indicator focused on the percentage of…
Descriptors: Disabilities, Accountability, Eligibility, Program Implementation
Johnson, Amy; Hutchins, Benjamin – Center for Education Policy, Applied Research, and Evaluation, 2019
As a response to the 2004 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) federal statute, Maine enacted a rule requiring all schools to provide additional support to students who are not on track for meeting state learning standards beginning in 2012. One intent of the requirement was to improve student achievement, and another was to reduce…
Descriptors: Program Implementation, Response to Intervention, Disabilities, Educational Legislation
Fan, Chung-Hau; Denner, Peter R.; Bocanegra, Joel O.; Ding, Yi – Contemporary School Psychology, 2016
After the change in IDEIA, different models of response to intervention (RtI) have been practiced widely in American school systems. School psychologists are in an important position to facilitate RtI practice and provide professional development in order to help their school systems successfully undergo this transformation. However, there is a…
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, School Psychologists, Role, Professional Development
