On March 27, 2020, Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) in response to the public health and economic crisis caused by COVID-19. Under the CARES Act, the U.S. Department of Education (Department) suspended collections and interest charged on Department-held student loans beginning in March 2020. On June 3, 2023, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 ended the suspension of payments on Department-held student loans and interest on such loans 60 days after June 30, 2023, with interest on loans beginning to accrue again on September 1, 2023, and payments due starting in October 2023. According to the Federal Student Aid (FSA) Portfolio Summary, there were approximately $1.63 trillion in outstanding loans and 43.4 million total unduplicated recipients as of June 30, 2023. This inspection report consolidates the results of a review of FSA's performance measures and indicators for returning borrowers to repayment. The Office of Inspector General (OIG) found that FSA needed to establish effective performance measures and indicators to evaluate its performance for returning borrowers to repayment. Although FSA and the Office of the Undersecretary established operational and strategic objectives and operational goals for returning borrowers to repayment, they were not written in specific and measurable terms. In addition, although FSA identified several data metrics as performance measures and indicators for returning borrowers to repayment, they did not include clearly defined targeted percentages, numerical values, milestones, or measurements. OIG made three recommendations to the Acting Chief Operating Officer for FSA to establish objectives for returning to repayment in specific and measurable terms, to establish effective quantitative or qualitative performance measures and indicators for returning borrowers to repayment, and to ensure that appropriate control activities are designed and implemented to assess FSA's performance in returning borrowers to repayment.