This paper examines changes in federal policy that have encouraged economic development by American Indian tribes, and presents examples from New Mexico. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 guaranteed federal provision of education and other services to the tribes, but the newly reorganized tribal governments were regulated almost exclusively by…

American Indian unemployment remains high despite efforts by tribes and the federal government to improve employment opportunities. Persistently high unemployment among Indians has resulted in low family incomes and high poverty rates relative to Whites. Particularly serious on reservations, these continuing problems are related in part to low…

Profitable businesses are needed on Indian reservations to help Indians overcome cultural and economic barriers, become self-sufficient, and achieve a standard of living comparable to that enjoyed by non-Indians in neighboring communities; the 25 loan, grant, and technical assistance programs administered by 8 federal agencies, however, have not…

This paper analyzes and evaluates federal assistance to Indians on or near reservations and recommends public policies to promote self-determination through economic development. Most Indian tribes rely on federal funds for basic necessities and services. At current funding levels, reservation residents lead lives of deprivation or opt for…

This book is a critical analysis of the concept of self-determination as it has been developed in the federal government's American Indian social and educational policies since the 1950s. Analyses focus on the links between Indian educational policy and economic development concerns and on the ways in which the idealistic language of…

In fiscal year (FY) 1984 the Administration for Native Americans awarded 227 grants for social and economic development strategies (SEDS) which would help Native American communities move toward self-sufficiency. More than half the grants were primarily for economic development; approximately one-third were for improving tribal governments, and…

Updated information provided by 25 executive agencies of the Federal Government describes (1) programs specifically designed to benefit Indian tribes and individuals; (2) programs which specifically include Indians or Indian tribes as eligible beneficiaries; and (3) programs which may not specifically denominate Indians or Indian tribes as…

Federal taxpayers may spend more, nominally, on each Indian than they do on other Americans, but the permanent benefits to reservation communities have been smaller. One-fifth of all spending maintains federal agencies. Funds that do reach reservations tend to be absorbed by tribal administration and unproductive employment. (ERB)

The American Indian Policy Review Commission met on November 19, 1976, and began the session with a recital of broad goals developed by the staff from recommendations received from the task forces. Goals were stated as follows: reaffirming the commitment on tribal sovereignty and strengthening of tribal governments; affirming the permanency of…

Field study and analysis of program documents were undertaken in the first phase of a multi-phased research effort to improve and strengthen the relationships between CETA programs and economic development activities on Indian reservations. Exploratory in nature, the study examined the approaches developed by 24 Indian reservations and Native…

Summarizing the most comprehensive review of Indian policies and programs in the history of the United States, the final report of the American Indian Policy Review Commission (AIPRC) is a product of Indian effort and participation. Volume Two contains five appendices and an index. Appendix A includes information on: the legal mandate (Public Law…

A perspective on the state of reservation development is provided in this document, which reports the results of a study conducted among 25 Indian reservations to determine the degree of integration between CETA Indian manpower plans and the Overall Economic Development Plans. An introductory chapter provides a history of the study and identifies…

The work of the Bureau of Education for the natives of Alaska includes the Alaska school service, the Alaska medical service, and the Alaska reindeer service, with a field force in Alaska, in 1920, of 6 superintendents, 133 teachers, 9 physicians, and 13 nurses. This bulletin provides details on the following topics: (1) Extent of territory; (2)…

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914, the field force of the Bureau of Education in Alaska consisted of 5 superintendents, 1 assistant superintendent, 106 teachers, 11 physicians, 11 nurses, and 3 hospital attendants. Seventy-one schools were maintained, with an enrollment of 3,666 and an average attendance of 1,991. The following…