Describes a group therapy program for recently widowed females, whose purpose was to allow individuals to share with each other the meaning of widowhood. A sense of group identity evolved which helped the women develop insight and courage to deal effectively with their situation. (Author/HLM)

During divorce, women feel dependent and confused. Whether intended or not, the direction of a woman's growth (indeed, whether or not there is any) will reflect the counselor's belief in what is possible and appropriate for women. (Author)

The study examines changes in assertiveness, territoriality, and personal space as a function of group assertion training. Subjects were 42 females who were assigned to either a treatment (assertion training) group or to a control group. Implications for counseling and use of ethological constructs are discussed. (Author)

A study involving 541 female students, in four grade levels in an urban commercial secondary school is reported. It was concluded that individual and group counselling have distinctively different effects, and that these effects tend to last for extended periods (at least one year) without reinforcement. (Author)