Considers the direct and interactive relationships between three sex role variables and Type A/Type B behavior in college students of both sexes. The following measures were taken: (1) Type A behavior; (2) sex role behavior; (3) gender-schema; and (4) stress. (JS)

For four studies, which provide modest support for the view that depression and stereotypes of certain classes of women are similar, overlapping categories are presented. Implications of these studies for the gender role hypothesis of depression are discussed, along with suggestions for future research. (Author/BJV)

This study examined masculinity and femininity in adult male (n=75) and female (n=38) perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Results did not support the hypothesis that perpetrators of either sex would be more masculine and less feminine than nonclinical adult groups. Findings suggested a trend opposite the predicted direction. (DB)

Analyzed sex-role identities of 125 male and female college students who later completed programs in education. Findings showed that reporting of feminine attributions was virtually equal for elementary and secondary teachers, but reporting of masculine attributions was significantly higher for secondary teachers. (Author/PVV)

A qualitative study of 12 women superintendents identified seven success strategies: balancing role- and gender-related responsibilities; focusing on caring for children; communicating meaningfully in a "feminine," indirect way; refusing to act like men; letting go of gender expectations that block success; becoming fearless risk-takers with…

This paper starts from the idea that children learn and construct gendered identities within local communities of masculinity and femininity practice, including peer communities. The data presented come from an ESRC-funded study of tomboy identities, which investigated the enabling and constraining factors for girls in taking up and maintaining…

This paper argues that leadership in higher education should be open to a female leadership model expressed in an Eastern "Tantric" model. Suggesting that a male leadership model that oppresses and excludes women has been in effect for the past millennium, the proposed Tantric proposition is a step toward a shared model of leadership which will be…

The expression of children's concepts of sex-roles was explored by examining changes in the masculinity and femininity of human figure drawings of males and females. A total of 106 sixth-grade students participated in two Draw-a-Person sessions. In the drawing task, persons to be drawn were either specified in terms of gender or unspecified as to…

Discussed are the effects of sexist cultural norms and stereotypes that cause gifted girls to believe they must choose between femininity and intellectual achievement. (LH)

This paper questions some of the assumptions that permeate the current literature about soap operas and television, examining particularly the model according to which soap operas are the expression of an "essential" and universal feminine nature. The paper suggests the pertinence of a crosscultural approach to the study of melodrama as…

Despite recent research showing men capable of nurturing behavior, most men remain reluctant to care for children. Some researchers have suggested that men are fearful of nurturing as a result of traditional sex role socialization while others have suggested an increased role of external factors in explaining the lack of men in child care (pay,…

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) has come under much criticism relating to the interpretation of the masculinity and femininity scales upon which its four sex role types are based. To investigate the masculinity-femininity construct using the BSRI under standard self-description instructions and under self-description instructions in one of two…

The mass magazine industry offers new role images for women in contemporary magazines, assuming that they reflect the psychological needs of women's changing sex-role identities. To determine whether women classified as androgynous by the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) would prefer nontraditional models of femininity, 101 college women were asked…

Shostrom (1971) has identified a type of marriage in which self-actualizing couples do not simply accept their socially defined roles, but instead develop personality traits and values that are consistent with their own psychological health and that of the couple relationship. Antill (1983) found evidence for the importance of high scores in…

Major points of this paper are: (a) that the goals of femininity and competence are not necessarily the same, and (b) that little is known about how to rear females to be competent, partly because competence, especially intellectual competence, has never been considered an important goal for females. (Author/AM)