Items from the Femininity (Fe) scale of the California Psychological Inventory were assigned to two logically independent subscales: Feminine Tendency (Ft) and Masculine Tendency (Mt). Architects (n=40) nominated as exceptionally creative and their colleagues (n=43) scored higher than unnominated controls (n=41) on Ft but were not significantly…

Male and female college students were assessed on measures of ego identity development, intimacy development, and sex role orientation. For both males and females, identity was related to masculinity; also, there were more high-intimacy females than males. This low identity-high intimacy finding in women is discussed with respect to proposed…

Presents findings of an investigation of androgynous behavior across situations and within situations, and differences in sensitivity to traditional sex role stereotypes. All types of men were equally sensitive to stereotypes. Feminine women displayed the strongest gender-schema effects, and androgynous women displayed the least effects. (KH)

Challenges previous studies concluding that masculinity and femininity fluctuate as a function of the individual's family life stage. Findings from 582 Australian survey respondents showed that involvement in work and study has a greater impact on masculinity and femininity scores than does the presence of children. (Author/CB)

Study of television's effectiveness in promoting nonsexist role learning found androgynous preadolescent children to be as likely as feminine children, and more likely than masculine ones, to identify nontraditional televised models. (CMG)

Girls, who used to be second-class citizens, are now coming into their own. Still, girls' lives, their experiences, and their roles in the social, cultural, economic, and political history of the United States have been widely overlooked. This reference encyclopedia presents more than 100 signed articles by 98 high-profile interdisciplinary…

Examines the relationship of masculinity and femininity to self-esteem and environmental pressures for each of these sets of behavioral characteristics. Results indicate a stronger pressure for masculine characteristics than feminine characteristics. The person-environment interaction suggests that a masculine environment may place women who are…

Explored three aspects of gender roles, surveying college students from middle class families with either one or two parents. Results indicated that there were differences in gender roles between students from one-parent and students from two-parent families. Students from both types of families viewed the ideal person as androgenous. (SM)

Assessed adults' stereotypes of gender-traditional and nontraditional children by analyzing undergraduates' ratings of the desirability of 25 personality traits, and their classifying children as "tomboys" or "sissies" based on 26 traits and behaviors. Results show extensive adult stereotyping of young children. Tomboys were stereotyped similar to…

Investigated the roles of gender labels and gender identity in predicting drug use among diverse, urban middle school students, examining nurturant femininity, confident masculinity, and dominant masculinity. Overall, gender labels and gender identity were important predictors of drug use. Gender labels were more salient in explaining differences…

Investigated the relationship between gender and gender role of students and their "best" university professors. Surveys of Canadian college students indicated that there was a strong relationship between students' gender and gender role and the gender and perceived gender role of their best instructors. Masculinity was valued more by…

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) whether prior opinions concerning a child's sex influence the qualities attributed to the child; (2) whether differences exist in the responses of male and female raters; and (3) the effect of forced-choice responses vis-a-vis non-forced responses. An 8-minute videotape of a 22-month-old infant…

Theorists have proposed very different patterns of adult age changes in masculine and feminine personality attributes; while some have predicted an increase in cross-sex typed individuals among older adults, others have predicted an increase in androgynous individuals. A study was conducted to further investigate adult age differences in levels of…

Investigates the relationship among ego identity status, field-independence, and traditional femininity among senior college women. (Author/DEP)