Examines the relationship between adults' gender-related personality characteristics and memory for gender-stereotyped and counterstereotyped televised information with 80 middle-class undergraduates (half of each gender). Results suggest that gender-aschematic adults recall more counter-stereotypical information than do gender-schematic adults.…

Examines whether feminine or masculine gender role behavior is associated with lower academic achievement in general as well as in mathematics and whether these relationships increase with age in a sample of 333 boys aged 6 to 10 years. Variations are only marginally correlated with school achievement. (SLD)

Compared gender-related inferences and judgments of third and fifth graders from Taiwan (a traditional collectivistic culture), and Israel (a less traditional modern culture). Found that Taiwanese children distinguished more than did Israeli children between male targets in stories behaving stereotypically and counterstereotypically. Interpreted…

The role of adolescent sexual behavior in educational attainment has been overlooked. Homosexual and heterosexual men were interviewed to test for a correlation between adolescent sexual activeness and educational attainment, as well as any link between childhood masculine sex roles and early sexual activity. Approximately 1,000 volunteers,…

While much of the research on sex roles has treated gender self-perceptions and stereotypes in terms of chronic traits, sex role stereotypes may apply to specific situations and activities as they do to more global traits. Perceptions of masculinity and femininity, therefore, may vary across situations. This study used a situational approach to…

Data from the authors' previous research (1979, 1980, 1987), consisting of responses to five masculinity-femininity (M-F), two esteem, and two social desirability instruments, were reanalyzed. The subjects were 104 male and 133 female college students who completed the: Bem Sex Role Inventory, Personal Attributes Questionnaire, ANDRO instrument…

Research has shown sex differences in performance favoring males are likely to be reported on cognitive tasks requiring spatial skills. It has also been suggested that the reason why individuals who describe themselves as masculine also tend to do well on spatial tasks may be a function of activity preference. To examine the relationship among…

Recent investigations of gender are fostering structurally deterministic explanations by focusing exclusively on social processes. A balanced understanding of femininity involves considering psychic forces in conjunction with social factors. An interpretation of Freud currently being articulated in Europe delineates unconscious forces fruitfully…

Examines existing analyses of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and further investigates the psychometric adequacy of the instrument. Proposes a revision with 10 items each measuring masculinity and femininity. (PD)

Four hundred undergraduates were asked to describe their construals of male and female stereotypes. Results support the notion that people's perceptions of maleness are more stereotypically framed than their perceptions of femaleness, suggesting that more draconian notions of gender appropriateness are applied to males than to females in our…

Results of 2 experiments involving 305 college students suggest that instructor gender role is more important than instructor gender in affecting student evaluations and that both female and male students prefer instructors with both feminine and masculine characteristics, regardless of gender. (SLD)

Presents two studies articulating the features of everyday conceptions of masculinity and femininity and determines the dimensions that underlie these constructs. Results show that conceptions of masculinity and femininity do exist, that they can be articulated, that lay conceptions of masculinity and femininity are multidimensional, and that…

Explores the inferior position of women librarians in the Australian workforce and presents a case study of Jean Arnot. Topics include women's financial status as related to marital status; barriers in the recruitment and promotion processes; issues of health; and salary differences. (67 references) (LRW)

Children of 4 to 10 years of age were told about children whose sex was not specified and who had a masculine or feminine toy or characteristic. Results indicated that children first learn characteristics relevant to their own sex, and that older children's stereotypic judgments about gender are more extreme than those of younger children. (BC)

Investigated relationships between deception and self-perception of traditionally masculine and feminine characteristics. Elementary students completed sex role inventories, then boys completed questionnaires on masculine, feminine, and neutral topics. Questionnaires allowed opportunity for deception regarding knowledge level. Feminine boys…