Identifies contributions of Liben and Bigler's studies to gender development related to measuring self and other sex typing, developing a theoretical account of the self-other relation, and incorporating individual differences. Raises questions about measures used and interpretations of the findings. Suggests issues for future research:…

This study investigated how gender-related perceptions and actions influenced junior and senior high school students' constructions of reality in curriculum-in-action physical education. Observations and interviews indicated that most students both reproduced and resisted gender-patterned life configurations in physical education classes…

Explores the myth that female children perform poorly in school. Claims that teachers use negative language in evaluation of females, regardless of performance; thus legitimatizing the exclusion of females and supporting patriarchy. Discusses problems of women in academia and concludes that the empowerment of women threatens male academic…

Explores the impact of gender diversity on school achievement, using data from an ethnographic study of academic success among 33 eleventh-grade students in a Washington (DC) high school. The normalized definition of femaleness juxtaposed with a dominating patriarchy propels African-American females to resist images that assert their nothingness.…

This paper summarizes recent research on the way women define themselves, the way they reason about moral dilemmas, the way they learn, and how they view success and maturity. Two related questions are then addressed: (1) Are the characteristics of women compatible with the dominant mode of operating in organizations or institutions? and (2) How…

A study investigated developmental differences in children's self-perceptions of masculinity and femininity among 251 girls and 266 boys from grades 2 through 7. Meaningful developmental changes occur during the middle childhood period. Single summary scores ignore variations in gender-typed subtrait and raise study methodology questions. (JB)

Examines ways in which language practices in the classroom, particularly those involved with reading and writing stories, are gendered literary practices. Argues that the gendered nature of classroom literacy practices requires more critical scrutiny and that texts cannot be treated as separate from their cultural production. (SLD)

Examines how teachers' perceptions of gender affect classroom discipline in Australia using case studies at 4 high schools and 2 secondary institutions; interviews with 86 students, 40 teachers, and 10 support staff; and questionnaires from 720 students and 110 teachers. Stereotyped masculinity and femininity attitudes exist in classroom…

Explores the relationship between education and female sex roles through both the theoretical literature about the reproduction of domesticity in the education system and through a study of mature university women students' attitudes to the role of education in their educational and occupational aspirations and opportunities. (JB)

Findings from 2 studies with 179 male and 158 female Israeli early adolescents and 97 male and 183 female Israeli university students show that male self-esteem is predicted significantly by masculine self-image (SI), female self-esteem is predicted by nonstereotyped SI, and feminine SI significantly predicts the self-esteem of neither gender.…

Argues that gendered identities are in context more fluid and shifting than depicted in feminist leadership texts, drawing on a small case study of female (British) headteachers. Femininities are varied and shaped by the roles women undertake, the leadership context, and the amount of power women have access to. (Contains 65 references.) (MLH)

Using classroom observation in two rural English comprehensive schools, demonstrates that both teachers' coping strategies and students' opposition to education reinforce traditional gender codes by drawing on exaggerated notions of masculinity and femininity. Student resistance to teacher authority through sex role manipulation reproduces, rather…

Although there is a high level of research activities in the field of gender, these activities are only very loosely interconnected. In particular, the developmental and social psychological paradigms of research do not seem to have very much in common. This paper shows that at the intersection of developmental and social psychology many issues…

This book presents a collection of papers on the lives of urban youths in and out of school. There are 17 chapters in 4 parts. Part 1, "Spaces for Identity Work," includes: (1) "Writing on the Bias" (Linda Brodkey); (2) "Learning to Speak Out in an Abstinence-Based Sex Education Group: Gender and Race Work in an Urban…

Four studies established the reliability and validity of measures for assessing attitudes toward others and sex typing of self in occupations, activities, and traits. A fifth study provided longitudinal data from children tested 4 times from age 11 to 13 years. Data supported conceptual distinctions among individual's gender attitudes toward…