A decade ago, the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education (the National Center) issued a policy brief, "State Capacity for Higher Education Policy." The National Center's core recommendation: States must have a broad-based, independent, credible public entity with a clear charge to increase the state's educational…

This study explores four instances where parental choice has been employed as a legal "circuit breaker": (a) First Amendment Establishment Clause cases related to public funding, (b) Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection cases regarding race-conscious student assignment, (c) Title IX regulations concerning single-sex education, and (d) a…

This article examines the current state of gender equity in athletic programs offered at two-year institutions. Two overarching questions have guided the research done for this article: (1) How successful have two-year institutions been in responding to the mandate of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1964? and (2) How will the…

The government agency responsible for enforcing gender equity in college sports is falling down on the job, according to a report released by the National Women's Law Center. Over the past five years, the U.S. Education Department's Office for Civil Rights -- the administrative guardian of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, the law that…

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 state, "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance". This provision paved the way for student-initiated…

Legal and policy challenges may occur in institutions affiliating with both the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women in areas concerning women's sports. The critical question is how to maintain necessary financial support for viable women's programs. (MSE)

The proceedings of the Confernce on Funding of Clinical Legal Education is presented, along with a commentary and report of floor discussion. An overview of clinical legal education is provided by Eugene F. Scholes. Two papers discuss funding of clinical legal education by foundations and other private sources (William Pincus) and by the…

This study examined the major challenges confronting female intercollegiate athletic directors and directors of women's intercollegiate athletics programs of NCAA member institutions. A 34-item questionnaire was mailed to 169 female intercollegiate athletic directors and directors of women's intercollegiate athletics programs. Of the 169 directors…

This document presents a historical review of the relationship between higher education and the government. Five less publicized reasons stated by former generations of college presidents in their opposition to federal funding are indicated to provide a perspective from which to review Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. It is suggested…

Girls' athletics have grown tremendously since passage of Title IX, but attitudinal and financial barriers still inhibit full female sports participation. Girls too should have access to the physical fitness, emotional, and social benefits and status rewards accorded to athletes in our society. (Part of a theme issue on women.) (SJL)

The Commission on Collegiate Athletics, sponsored by the American Council on Education, is engaging in a three-year study of collegiate athletics including recreational sports, intramurals, club sports, and intercollegiate athletics. Some Commission study projects on such issues as sports financing, recruitment practices, and women's sports, are…

Reviews issues relating to the socialization and participation of women in athletics in six articles which also deal with unequal financial support, Title IX requirements, inviting reentry women to participate in athletics, and the relationship between the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics…

Recent developments which may change collegiate athletics are reviewed. They include the congressional investigation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association; Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, entailing withdrawal of federal funds for schools practicing discrimination toward women in athletic programs; and tax cuts. (JMD)

Twenty-five years after passage of Title IX, federal legislation barring sex discrimination in athletics in federally-funded schools, females make up 37% of college athletes and receive 38% of athletic scholarships at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I schools. Women's participation in college sports has increased four-fold.…

The policy recommendations contained in this report are intended to provide financial guidelines that can be clearly understood by all concerned parties and allow for decision making at the local level within those guidelines. The recommendations provide institutions with a clear understanding of the state's relationship to financial…