Approximately 1.3 million K-12 public school students across the United States were identified as experiencing homelessness in 2019-20. In all cases, the stress, instability, trauma, and school mobility created by homelessness increase risks to physical, social, and emotional health and to educational engagement and achievement. Districts play an…

This brief report provides facts about Early Support for Infants and Toddlers (ESIT) on the following topics: (1) What is the purpose of the IDEA Part C early intervention?; (2) Early intervention service delivery in Washington, July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016; (3) Primary early intervention services; (4) What are the expected child outcomes?;…

This paper is the first to investigate the costs of institution-wide reforms at community colleges. Drawing on data from 12 community colleges implementing comprehensive guided pathways reforms, I use the ingredients method to analyze the resources required to implement such reforms and examine their feasibility and affordability, as well as their…

This guide is intended to help community college leaders understand the costs involved in implementing guided pathways reforms and develop plans for funding and sustaining them. It is based on research at six institutions that have implemented large-scale changes based on the guided pathways model, which focuses on supporting students to enter and…

Schools and youth-serving organizations often struggle to better meet the needs of low-income students and to connect them to resources that can stabilize their lives and strengthen their academic competencies. Assisted-housing providers, including housing authorities, are in a unique position to support educators, low-income students, and their…

Response to intervention (RTI) can be both a system for providing early interventions to struggling students and a special education diagnostic tool for evaluating and identifying students with specific learning disabilities. Contributing to the very limited literature on state-level approaches, this report describes how nine states define and…

THIS REPORT CONTAINS EIGHT PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURES FOR THREE PLANNING PHASES OF A PROJECT TO DEVELOP A CONTINUOUS PROGRESS EDUCATION CENTER. THE COMPLETED CENTER WILL OFFER A NONGRADED CURRICULUM TO ABOUT 3,500 RACIALLY INTEGRATED STUDENTS AT THE PRIMARY, INTERMEDIATE, AND SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVELS. COMMUNITY…

The first of a two-part evaluation of correspondence studies in the State of Washington was concerned with opinion, descriptions, and recommendations of faculty at four state institutions on (1) how the faculty member is affected personally, (2) how students are affected, and (3) program improvement. Interviews collected data from 100 faculty…

A study examined national trends and state policy in Washington State pertaining to the administration and funding of area vocational skills centers. During the study, key persons associated with Washington's skills centers were interviewed and surveyed concerning the following areas: policy and planning, curriculum and instruction, student…