Background: The UK, like most countries across Europe and other advanced economies, has experienced an alarming rise in the levels of young people (aged between 16 and 24 years) who are detached from both the labour market and the education and training system. In the UK, there are nearly a million 16-24-year-olds who are recorded as being not in…

Examines the case for and against government intervention in job training. Identifies pitfalls: difficulty defining training for the purposes of meeting mandates, incentive problems, displacement effects, and lack of recognition that no one level of training is appropriate for all enterprises. Suggests that governments tend to intervene…

This chapter is a draft of Chapter 7 of a planned book, "Preschool and Jobs: Human Development as Economic Development, and Vice Versa." This book analyzes early childhood programs' effects on regional economic development. Four early childhood programs are considered: (1) universally accessible preschool for four-year-olds of similar…

Argues that (1) vocational education and job training must be responsive to market forces to influence economic development; (2) national policies must encourage links between training and market forces and a balance between public and private training; and (3) strategies must incorporate the social and political contexts. (SK)

In periods of nonrecessionary activity, United States government policymakers should subsidize retraining as they subsidize job search by way of the unemployment compensation system. The retraining subsidy to a person who is faced with a reduced demand for his services from his current job should be about the same order of magnitude as the…

Reviews programs for increasing earnings of parents with low market skills to prevent pretransfer poverty and discusses three types of income supplementation (public cash transfers, private child support payments, and tax credits) and how successful they are in reducing poverty. Also provides international comparisons of policies to reduce child…

A study of apprenticeship systems in a large number of foreign countries revealed considerable interest in expanding and improving apprenticeship systems, both as initial training systems and as a way of easing the transition from school to work and relieving youth unemployment. The American apprenticeship system differs from those of other…

This Congressional report contains the testimony presented at a hearing focusing on two bills dealing with worker retraining. The two bills, H.R. 26 and H.R. 1219, are intended to establish a system of individual training accounts in the Unemployment Trust Fund, amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide that certain contributions to such…

This congressional report contains a discussion of the provisions of the Youth Act of 1980 (H.R. 6711) and presents dissenting views on the act. (The Youth Act of 1980 extends the authorization of and improves youth training and employment programs, extends the authorization of the private initiative program, and authorizes intensive and remedial…

At least 154 employment training programs (ETP) providing approximately $25 billion in employment training assistance are currently administered by 14 federal agencies. Individually, these programs are all well-intended. Collectively, however, they have been described as bewildering and frightening to clients and confusing to those who operate…

Skilled workers are needed in developing countries to facilitate economic development and to respond to a changing economy. Training is often provided by private employers, but governments must continue to play a role to help train workers in companies too small to provide training, and because training benefits society in ways too remote for…

An analysis of the structural elements of the employment situation was done in 1977 to provide congressional members with pertinent information for their use in making policy decisions about federal role and budget in employment and training programs. It was concluded that the Federal Government can implement four basic budget strategies: create…

These Congressional hearings contain testimony pertaining to the extension of the Vocational Education Act of 1963. Included among those agencies and organizations represented at the hearings were the following: Texas Tech University; the American Federation of Teachers; the West Virginia Department of Education; the National Association of State…

A national survey of black leaders was conducted by federal vocational education administrators to help assure that programs meet the legislative mandate and are socially responsive to black students' needs. The first of three major survey questions--"Is it desirable for black students to enter and complete vocational education programs?"--was…

A study examined the ways in which practitioners in four states were defining the terms coordination/cooperation/collaboration when directing the monies set aside in Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) funding for use in coordination among educators and job training providers. Case studies of the use of 8 percent set-aside monies were conducted in…