Students' and instructors' adoption of "e-learning management systems (e-LMSs)" is critical to their success in a "virtual learning environment." Students can use "e-learning" to obtain instructional materials to supplement "traditional classroom" instruction. This study intends to highlight the important…

In English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education, the synergy between autonomous learning, gamified Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platforms, and self-directed learning (SDL) frameworks is underexplored. Despite recognizing autonomous learning's significance in language education, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of their interaction within…