Opportunity is not evenly spread across the country. A young person's socio-economic background -- including the income level of their family, their parents' educational qualifications, and their family's wealth -- all play a critical role in shaping their future. But as well as variations between families and across socio-economic groups, Britain…

Strong economic growth through much of the period since 2000 and demographic pressures such as workforce aging, have contributed to a robust demand for skilled tradespeople. Despite a decline following the economic recession in 2008 and 2009, new registrations in apprenticeship programs have increased nearly 200% since the 1990s. Apprenticeship…

Shortages in the trades are again becoming a prominent issue as Australia emerges from the Global Financial Crisis. The existence of shortages puts the immediate focus on the apparent inability of the training system to supply sufficient skilled tradespersons, but shortages in an occupation are as much related to the rate at which individuals…

This is a support document to the "Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) 2009 Cohort User Guide" report. Developed for users of LSAY, the user guide consolidates information about the LSAY 2009 cohort into one document. This support document provides post-school information for the guide. [For the main report,…

During the recent economic downturn, media and industry reports of skill shortages in the trades continued to appear. The intent of this paper is to examine the evidence for skill shortages in the trades persisting during the economic downturns over the last 20 years, using various indicators. These include employment growth, vacancy rates,…

Gender equality is not just about economic empowerment. It is a moral imperative, it is about fairness and equity, and includes many political, social and cultural dimensions. Gender equality, however, is also a key factor in self-reported well-being and happiness across the world. In the aftermath of the Great Recession, there is now an urgent…

In recent years, the level of participation and attainment by Indigenous Australians in education and training has improved, yet substantial gaps still exist between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Education has to be a key focus if the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous employment rates is to be closed. This report…

Much analysis of youth transitions focuses on the first year after education, or outcomes at a specific age. Such work looks, for example, at the effect of education on the likelihood of being employed or unemployed. This study takes a different angle by considering the effect of education on the persistence of labour market outcomes. For example,…

In the year to February 2002, one in every five of the 9.8 million people who worked in Australia experienced at least one job separation. This paper looks at the determinants of job separation within a stayer/mover framework using individual-level data for Australia. Conditional on job separation the paper also investigates the determinants of…

Regional labour mobility has long been viewed as a crucial component in the functioning of the labour markets of different countries. Indeed, the study of regional labour mobility has moved towards the top of the research agenda, especially in Europe, where regional unemployment differentials have been persistently larger than in the United…

Tests validity of economic motivation as the preponderant variable in migration decisions. Attempts to alleviate weaknesses of previous immigration studies by contacting migrants before migration occurs. Includes sample of 779 males who applied for Canadian immigrant visas in India in 1979 and 1980. Finds that respondents most often decided to…

A study of the educational background, extent, and origins of overseas training and academic inbreeding of education faculty in Australian universities found substantial overseas training (primarily in English-speaking countries and varying in origin by degree level) and a moderate proportion of faculty with degrees from their own institutions.…

The Board of Education in Toronto, Canada, has adopted equal employment policies and plans to increase the number of racial minorities employed by the school system. To determine the success of these actions the Board collected post-employment data in 1986. The following findings are reported: (1) most applicants for positions were not currently…

This report documents 1986 staff changes at the Toronto Board of Education. It updates a report issued for the previous year in an effort to provide an ongoing picture of equal opportunity practices. The Board employed approximately 9,000 teaching and non-teaching permanent staff in 1986 and recorded staff changes in 12 percent of that work force.…

This report presents findings of a survey of female staff members (secretaries, administrative assistants, clerks, matrons, psychoeducational consultants, teachers' aides, etc) in order to gain statistical evidence on which to build programs and formulate recommendations to improve their working conditions. Questionnaires were used in the survey…