Focuses on language as a contributing factor in conflicts between as well as within nations. Specific sections address these issues: language and warfare in pre-nationalist Europe; the role of language in building the nation states of Europe; language and the contractual nation; language and the descent nation; the citizen's army and total war;…

Attempts to ascertain why Irish revivalist efforts have not led to a revitalization of the language of the type associated with Hebrew. Analyzes the historical issues surrounding these efforts outside the "Gaeltacht" community, with a view to understanding the conditions and processes that should have existed for revitalization. (33…

Examines the question of language revitalization against the background of the use of Hebrew as the language of public life in Israel and of Irish as an official language of Ireland. Notes that the organizing principles of nationalism are complex and disputed. The different linguistic outcomes in these two countries point up the complexity and…

Presents a political overview of the dual cultural identities and official language policy in Canada. Details of recent events are provided about issues of language and culture and their relationship to the Quebec separatist movement. (93 references) (CK)