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It Takes Two: Process Praise Linking Trying and Success Is Associated with Greater Infant Persistence
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Radovanovic, Mia; Soldovieri, Antonia; Sommerville, Jessica A. – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Process praise (i.e., praise for effort) facilitates childhood persistence. However, less is known about the mechanism by which process praise influences persistence in infancy. Here, we propose that well-timed process praise reinforces the link between effort and success, thus promoting persistence in young children. In Experiment 1, U.S. infants…
Descriptors: Infants, Success, Positive Reinforcement, Persistence
One- and Two-Year-Olds Grasp That Causes Must Precede Their Effects
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Tecwyn, Emma C.; Mazumder, Pingki; Buchsbaum, Daphna – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Knowing the temporal direction of causal relations is critical for producing desired outcomes and explaining events. Existing evidence suggests that children start to grasp that causes must precede their effects (the temporal priority principle) by age 3; however, whether younger children also understand this has, to our knowledge, not previously…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Time Perspective, Influences, Attribution Theory
Motivations to Respond without Prejudice and Ethnic Outgroup Attitudes in Late Childhood: Change and Stability during a Single School Year
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Thijs, Jochem; Miklikowska, Marta; Bosman, Rianne – Developmental Psychology, 2023
This longitudinal study (three waves across a school year) investigated the links between children's motivations to respond without prejudice and their ethnic outgroup attitudes at the between-person level (means and changes over time) and the within-person level (time-specific fluctuations). Participants were 945 ethnic majority students…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Grade 3, Grade 4
The End Is (Not) Near: Aging, Essentialism, and Future Time Perspective
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Weiss, David; Job, Veronika; Mathias, Maya; Grah, Stephanie; Freund, Alexandra M. – Developmental Psychology, 2016
Beliefs about aging influence how we interpret and respond to changes within and around us. Essentialist beliefs about aging are defined as views that link chronological age with inherent and immutable properties underlying aging-related changes. These beliefs may influence the experience of aging-related changes and shape people's outlook of the…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Futures (of Society), Time Perspective, Philosophy
Subjective Acceleration of Time Experience in Everyday Life across Adulthood
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John, Dennis; Lang, Frieder R. – Developmental Psychology, 2015
Most people believe that time seems to pass more quickly as they age. Building on assumptions of socioemotional selectivity theory, we investigated whether awareness that one's future lifetime is limited is associated with one's experience of time during everyday activities across adulthood in 3 studies. In the first 2 studies (Study 1: N = 608;…
Descriptors: Older Adults, Young Adults, Time Perspective, Comparative Analysis
Age-Relevance of Person Characteristics: Persons' Beliefs about Developmental Change across the Lifespan
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Gruhn, Daniel; Gilet, Anne-Laure; Studer, Joseph; Labouvie-Vief, Gisela – Developmental Psychology, 2011
The authors investigated normative beliefs about personality development. Young, middle-aged, and older adults indicated the age-relevance of 835 French adjectives by specifying person characteristics as typical for any age decade from 0 to 99 years. With this paradigm, the authors determined age-relevance (How typical is a characteristic for a…
Descriptors: Personality Development, Adolescents, Young Adults, Adults