Wording effects associated with positively and negatively worded items have been found in many scales. Such effects may threaten construct validity and introduce systematic bias in the interpretation of results. A variety of models have been applied to address wording effects, such as the correlated uniqueness model and the correlated traits and…

This article is concerned with developing a measure of general academic ability (GAA) for high school graduates who apply to colleges, as well as with the identification of optimal weights of the GAA indicators in a linear combination that yields a composite score with maximal reliability and maximal predictive validity, employing the framework of…

This study investigates the relationship between the five decision-making styles evaluated by the General Decision-Making Style Inventory, indecisiveness, and rationality in decision making. Using a sample of 102 middle-level managers, the results show that the rational style positively predicts rationality in decision making and negatively…

A 75-item instrument was developed to assess high school students' attitudes toward work. Fifteen scales were derived. Analysis of responses from 1,035 students showed high reliabilities. Group differences based on age, sex, previous work experiences, and vocational ambitions lent support to the validity of the scales. (Author/CM)

The contribution of family environment to variation in achievement scores of children was found to be relatively small compared to the contribution of social status. Parental aspirations and their educational orientations assessed by home interviews and the implications of this study for previous environmental research are discussed. (Author/CM)

Reliability, factorial complexity, and predictive validity of the Test of Syntactic Abilities Screening Test were determined from the responses of mildly hearing impaired, severely hearing impaired, and profoundly deaf students. Results showed that the test was unifactorial. Use of the total score to discriminate among students is justified.…

Investigations of the Inventory of Learning Processes (ILP) with college freshmen revealed satisfactory internal consistency coefficients for two of the four ILP scales but cast doubt on the factor structure of the inventory. As predictors of grade point average of Australian students, the scales were successful. (Author/GK)

This study suggests that quick, easily administered and scored, nonverbal group tests, such as the Hidden Figures Test, may be useful in selecting students for science and engineering courses in developing countries where demand for manpower is great, but where availability of measuring instruments is limited. (Author/AL)

The scores of 537 14-year-old students in Nigeria on the Raven Progressive Matrices were correlated with their scores on an achievement test, to provide an estimate of the predictive validity of the Raven. Results indicated low validity for this usage. (Author/JKS)

This study determined the degree to which the Non-Language Test of Verbal Intelligence, developed to measure verbal ability through a nonlanguage medium, could measure verbal intelligence. Correlation with the Differential Aptitude Test-Verbal suggested the existence of some common, as well as some uncommon, factors between the two tests.…

A validity study on a locally developed college entrance examination was conducted. Thirteen variables combined accounted for only 20 percent of the total variance in university grade point average. A critical analysis of the entrance examination and university selection procedures is discussed and contrasted with data from United States colleges.…

The cloze procedure, an established measure of reading achievement, requires language and reading skills not yet available to elementary school English-second-language pupils who are not literate in their vernacular. A modified cloze procedure, designed to overcome this problem, was found to correlate with traditional vocabulary and reading…

The validity of the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the National Organization for Education Evaluation of the Iranian Ministry of Sciences and Higher Education was examined in relation to the prediction of success of 406 college sophomores in Iran. (Author/JKS)

Studied the ability of logical test design (LTD) to predict student performance in reading Roman numerals for 211 sixth graders in Mexico City tested on Roman numeral items varying on LTD-related and non-LTD-related variables. The LTD-related variable item iterativity was found to be the best predictor of item difficulty. (SLD)

Over one thousand British primary schoolchildren completed the Crandall Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire. Comparisons with earlier American data provided similar results. The Crandall scale is more closely related to attainment than to intelligence, indicating that high internalized reinforcement responsibility provides a…