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Direct linkBott, Franziska M.; Meiser, Thorsten – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Pseudocontingencies are inferences of correlations between variables, like two options and two outcomes, drawn on the basis of their skewed base rates covarying across a third variable (e.g., two contexts). Here, we investigated the effect of pseudocontingency inference on choice behavior. When choices between two options are not based on the…
Descriptors: Inferences, Selection, Sampling, Correlation
Becker, Christoph K.; Ert, Eyal; Trautmann, Stefan T.; van de Kuilen, Gijs – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Risky decisions are often characterized by (a) imprecision about consequences and their likelihoods that can be reduced by information collection, and by (b) unavoidable background risk. This article addresses both aspects by eliciting risk attitude, prudence, and temperance in decisions from description and decisions from experience. The results…
Descriptors: Risk, Decision Making, Attitudes, Personality Traits
Marcusson-Clavertz, David; Cardeña, Etzel; Terhune, Devin Blair – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Mind wandering--mentation unrelated to one's current activity and surroundings--is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but seemingly competing ideas have been proposed regarding its relation to executive cognitive processes. The control-failure hypothesis postulates that executive processes prevent mind wandering, whereas the global availability hypothesis…
Descriptors: Imagination, Fantasy, Cognitive Style, Short Term Memory
Herzog, Stefan M.; Hertwig, Ralph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Individuals can partly recreate the "wisdom of crowds" within their own minds by combining nonredundant estimates they themselves have generated. Herzog and Hertwig (2009) showed that this accuracy gain could be boosted by urging people to actively think differently when generating a 2nd estimate ("dialectical bootstrapping").…
Descriptors: Sampling, Statistical Inference, Experimental Psychology, Hypothesis Testing
Pachur, Thorsten; Scheibehenne, Benjamin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
People often attach a higher value to an object when they own it (i.e., as seller) compared with when they do not own it (i.e., as buyer)--a phenomenon known as the "endowment effect". According to recent cognitive process accounts of the endowment effect, the effect is due to differences between sellers and buyers in information search.…
Descriptors: Preferences, Experience, Decision Making, Behavior
Nakabayashi, Kazuyo; Lloyd-Jones, Toby J.; Butcher, Natalie; Liu, Chang Hong – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Describing a face in words can either hinder or help subsequent face recognition. Here, the authors examined the relationship between the benefit from verbally describing a series of faces and the same-race advantage (SRA) whereby people are better at recognizing unfamiliar faces from their own race as compared with those from other races.…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Human Body, Sampling, Race
