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Iqbal, Hafiz M.; Shayer, Michael – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2000
Reports on the results of using, in the context of secondary education in Pakistan, an intervention program which earlier was shown in British schools to have a substantial effect over a two-year period on the cognitive development of pupils. (Author/CCM)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Foreign Countries, Formal Operations, Professional Development

Shemesh, Michal – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1990
Investigated were gender-related differences in the relationship between the development of formal reasoning skills and learning interests during the early adolescent stage. Results indicated that adolescent boys appeared to develop patterns of formal reasoning before their female classmates. Differences in subject preferences were also found. (CW)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Females, Foreign Countries, Formal Operations

Shayer, Michael; Adey, Philip S. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1993
Three years after end of 2-year intervention program intended to promote formal operational thinking, achievement of students initially age 11 was tested by their results on British National examinations, taken at age 16 (experimental group n=88, control group n=103). In comparison with control classes, the effect size for science was 0.67,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Developmental Stages, Educational Research, Effect Size