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Uzal, Melike; Peltonen, Teemu; Huotilainen, Minna; Aaltonen, Olli – Language Learning, 2015
This study investigated whether children born in a second language (L2) environment pronounce their L2 with foreign accents and, if so, when foreign accents first emerge. This study also examined the latest age of onset (AO) of extensive L2 experience at which native L2 pronunciation is possible and explored several factors that affect the degree…
Descriptors: Turkish, Finno Ugric Languages, Second Language Learning, Foreign Countries
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Xi, Xiaoming; Mollaun, Pam – Language Learning, 2011
We investigated the scoring of the Speaking section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language[TM] Internet-based (TOEFL iBT[R]) test by speakers of English and one or more Indian languages. We explored the extent to which raters from India, after being trained and certified, were able to score the TOEFL examinees with mixed first languages…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Scoring, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)