Based on evidence from a 2019 survey of a sample of Chilean secondary education teachers responsible for citizenship education, this article examines their beliefs regarding citizenship and how these beliefs relate to their justifications of both legal and illegal protest actions in a societal context of wide socio-political crisis and…

Friction in the classroom may create useful tension for teachers when they attempt to discuss sensitive topics as part of democratic learning. Due to the openness and indeterminacy of these topics, students can experience what it is like to be (political) subjects in a diverse society and become aware of other people's subjectness in a charged…

Based on a cross-national study conducted in Northern Ireland, England, and the United States, this article expands current literature by examining 4 teacher educators' efforts to prepare preservice teachers to teach controversial issues. Teaching controversial issues, strongly advocated for decades, is both urgent and risky, especially in divided…