The necessity for students to clarify their own cognitive structure and the amount of their knowledge mastery for self-reflection is often ignored in building the student model in the adaptive model, which makes the construction of the cognitive structure pointless. Simultaneously, knowledge forgetting causes students' knowledge level to fall…

Cognitive processing issues online may be reduced through e-learning personalisation, which allows learners to address individual learning needs by controlling how they process information. While some research shows that e-learning personalisation may actually complicate information processing under specific circumstances, this study examines…

The use of e-learning personalization allows learners to control their learning by choosing which content to process and how to process it. In order to explain the processes that occur when students use e-learning personalization, this study looks at how it interacts with two other variables: sequencing and fading, a scaffolding technique where…

Gamification has emerged as a transformative approach in education, integrating game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and progress bars with traditional learning to enhance engagement and improve learning outcomes. By leveraging psychological principles of motivation, gamification fosters participation and persistence, making it a…

Differentiated instruction is an inclusive approach that recognises and values diversities among students and adapts instruction to include every student. The concept of differentiation has been discussed over the past two decades. However, only limited attention has been paid to how pre-service teachers understand this phenomenon, while very…

This study investigates the effects of online instructors' use of initiation and maintenance rapport-building strategies (RBS) on Chinese EFL learners' CALL motivation and cognitive load management. Mixed methods research was used to concurrently triangulate different strands of data on the effects of RBS on 86 randomly sampled EFL learners. The…

The aim of this study is to examine if differentiated instruction benefits the mathematical thinking process of gifted and talented students in Malaysia. Differentiated instruction is a student-centered technique in which instructors act as facilitators. It is doubtful, however, if differentiated instruction has a beneficial effect on the overall…

It has been controversial whether the matching of learning styles with teaching environment has improved the teaching effects. This paper constructs matching modes by choosing Sternberg's three learning styles (liberal leaning, internal scope and global level) and adopts curriculum comprehensiveness and instructing modes. The research, based on…

This research investigates the comparative effectiveness of the ChatGPT and the Google search engine in facilitating the self-learning of JavaScript functions among undergraduate open and distance learning students. The study employed a quasi-experimental post-test control group design to analyze the variables of disorientation, satisfaction,…

This study designed and pilot-tested a learning path in Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) to facilitate learners' Self-regulated Learning. 122 postgraduates who joined an International English Language Testing System (IELTS) course at a comprehensive university in China were evenly divided into two groups. The experimental group used PLEs with…

Computer simulations have become widely available to support geometric learning; however, the type and amount of guidance, as well as the freedom to engage in self-directed learning that should be allowed for children from differential socio-cultural backgrounds, have not yet been clarified. On the basis of the cognitive theory of multimedia…

One of the main problems encountered in the online learning process is the low or absence of students' engagement. They may face problems with behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, emotional engagement in online learning environments. It is thought that the problems related to students' engagements can be overcome with personalized…

This paper aims to illustrate an automated system developed to give formative and personalized feedback to teachers in training. It is an expert system (Paviotti, Rossi & Zarka, 2012) that uses concrete examples, cases and scenarios to guide the engaged learners (Leake, 1996). In this regard, this system is able to create questionnaires,…

With a theory-driven interest in the factors that make some language learners more successful than others, this study attempts to measure the cognitive diversity level of EFL learners at a Saudi university. To achieve this purpose, the Ehrman and Leaver's questionnaire of learners' cognitive profiles (Ehrman & Leaver, 2003) was adapted,…

The application of gamification methods is still complex for most Latin American teachers who apply gamified pedagogies. Many confuse their nature with cognitivist classes that are totally confusing when using gamified tools for active learning of their students. The background information states the reduction of academic obstacles for students to…