This report summarizes and interprets the discussions at a seminar on artificial intelligence (AI) training domains and knowledge representations which was sponsored by the United Kingdom Training Commission. The following broad areas are addressed: (1) the context, process, and diversity of requirements of training and training needs; (2)…

Hypertext can be characterized as an electronic system that works by association rather than indexing, and furnishes information in a dynamic, nonsequential manner that does not limit the content by structure or organization. A more technical definition specifies that hypertext is a technique for organizing information in a complex manner that…

This synthesis of reports from authors representing seven different countries discusses computerization as it applies to the management and evaluation of the educational process at all levels in developed countries. Focusing on the computerization of educational administration, the first of three sections of the paper suggests that advantages of…

This discussion of the integration of computers into the curriculum begins by reviewing the results of several surveys conducted in the Netherlands and the United States which provide insight into the problems encountered by schools and teachers when introducing computers in education. Case studies of three secondary and two elementary schools in…

Current research on applications of computer conferencing in six institutions identifies a number of common problems related to communications and conferencing software and hardware and user attitudes about the medium. Despite these difficulties, there have been indications of a growth in the incorporation of computer conferencing in distance…

The costs, effects, and utility of mathematics instruction supplemented by microcomputer presentations were compared with those of traditional classroom approaches for grades 3 and 5. The study was completed at a single school in a rural area of Saskatchewan, Canada, where two classrooms at each grade level were used in a pretest-posttest design.…

The 63 papers in this collection include two keynote addresses: "Patient Simulation Using Interactive Video: An Application" (Joseph V. Henderson), and "Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Practice Opportunities and Explanatory Models" (Alan Lesgold). The remaining papers are grouped under five topics: (1) Artificial Intelligence,…

A study of the use of four tutorials written in Cicero authoring language for a second level Open University course, "Biological Bases of Behaviour," focuses on why students do or do not use computer assisted learning (CAL) tutorials and students' and tutors' beliefs about the educational utility and practicality of CAL tutorials. Data…

Discusses the current plan to introduce computer literacy into Soviet schools; examines the resources needed (hardware, software, personnel) to carry out the plan; examines the directions Soviet research on educational applications of computers is likely to take; and looks at factors that may influence the success of the program. (EM)

Discussion of research on computers in education in The Netherlands focuses on the development of a national plan for research. The organization of educational research in The Netherlands is explained, experimental programs among groups of schools are described, and research themes for the future are suggested. (six references) (LRW)

This paper first provides a brief overview of the Italian educational system and the diffusion of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) within the schools and industry, and then it reviews the activities of the Laboratory of Interactive Educational Technologies (LIET) in the Department of Production Engineering at the University of Naples (Italy).…

As part of the TV Ontario Telidon and Education Field Trials, a study was made of the application of the Telidon videotex systems to computer-assisted learning (CAL), including the future directions of these applications and differences in achievement between advanced and general-level students. Subjects were 129 middle- to upper-middle,…

This overview of the use of computers in education begins by tracing the history of the development of computer programs for instruction in three developed countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Significant research and programs, general trends, the current situation, plans, and problems in each of the countries are…

This review of research on computer use in education focuses on the development of higher order thinking skills and the effects of programming instruction. Eight hypotheses are proposed to account for the general failure of the research to confirm the expectations, and a new programming language, Prolog, is described. (70 references) (Author/LRW)

This study compared Canadian elementary teachers' perceptions of computer-assisted instructional (CAI) software with findings in the literature. Topics discussed include computer-managed instruction (CMI); computers used for drill and practice and for tutorials; effectiveness of CAI; student attitudes; students' attention span; CAI as motivator;…