The second of three articles on the ways in which people formulate their observations, this paper begins with a discussion of the assumptions underlying analytical and class-based models of cognition. The analytical approach to the measurement of cognition is found to be inappropriate because human cognition, and consequently language processing…

Two kinds of perspectives governing the provision and preservation of knowledge, a universal and an ecological perspective, are discussed in this paper. In the first case, scientific observations are represented through a semantic interpretation of facts. This is illustrated with a series of experiments on semantic feature perception in the recall…

Reviews "Soviet Studies in Mathematics Education: Volume 2. Types of Generalization in Instruction" (V. V. Davydov, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1990), which is useful for educational researchers because its major theory of dialectical materialism offers a view of knowledge with a significant role for activities that…