Spaces of meaning are stratified to establish congruence among those belonging to the same semiotic "beams." Individuals may be geographically close yet unable to cooperate because they are not attuned to the same semiotic territory. Families of signs characterize each semiotic territory in which inhabitants are linked conceptually. Symbols and…

Describes the linguistic diversity which characterizes the European continent and examines possibilities for political and linguistic integration of nations, a hierarchy among languages, national cultures, nationalism, global culture, and culture based on music and images. (Author/DB)

A study investigated: (1) the communication strategies (CSs) used by Turkish learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) when interacting with native English speakers, and (2) the influence of gender on use of CSs when communication difficulties occur because of limited English proficiency. Subjects were ten native Turkish-speaking ESL learners…