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Taskin, V.; Bernholt, S.; Parchmann, I. – Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 2015
Chemical representations play an important role in helping learners to understand chemical contents. Thus, dealing with chemical representations is a necessity for learning chemistry, but at the same time, it presents a great challenge to learners. Due to this great challenge, it is not surprising that numerous national and international studies…
Descriptors: Student Teachers, Knowledge Level, Science Instruction, Chemistry
Shiu, William – ProQuest LLC, 2012
This study examined the Flynn Effect (FE; i.e., the rise in IQ scores over time) in Estonia from Scale B of the National Intelligence Test using both classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) methods. Secondary data from two cohorts (1934, n = 890 and 2006, n = 913) of students were analyzed, using both classical test theory (CTT)…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Intelligence Tests, Intelligence Quotient, Change