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Direct linkIsabel del Arco; Anabel Ramos-Pla; Mireia Tintoré; Ilídia Cabral – International Journal of Educational Management, 2025
Purpose: The objective of the present study is to compare the Personal Leadership Resources (PLR) of primary school principals in Spain and Portugal, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative methodology was used to analyze the data obtained from a questionnaire that measured the PLR of a sample of 308…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary Schools, Principals, COVID-19
Kathryn Anderson-Levitt – Globalisation, Societies and Education, 2025
International organisations have pressed countries to prepare students for the knowledge economy by building real-life competencies into national curricula, and the OECD's PISA has assessed competencies like collaboration and creative problem solving. But is there really a deficit in competencies that schools must address? This review of empirical…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students
