Through creative thinking, it is possible to acquire new attitudes and a view of the world, not only of mathematics but from several sides (Kamp, 2016). Creativity in mathematics can be defined as a process based on sensitivity to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge and sensitivity to identifying missing elements, revealing difficulties in…

Developing structure sense is an important part of learning algebra. We investigated learners' structure sense of algebraic expressions involving brackets. This led us to propose the constructs "surface structure" sense and "systemic structure" sense. Using a random sample of 58 Grade 10 learners scoring above 40% in a test, we…

Background: Students take many tests and exams during their school career, but they usually receive feedback about their test performance based only on an analysis of the item responses. With the increase in digital assessment, other data have become available for analysis as well, such as log data of student actions in online assessment…

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is inherently an interactive, conjoint, dual-strand process that considers how a student reasons about a problem as well as how s/he interacts with others to regulate social processes and exchange information (OECD, 2013). Measuring CPS skills presents a challenge for obtaining consistent, accurate, and reliable…

Although it is widely known that reading plays a significant role in mathematics performance, it remains unclear how specific reading component skills and item characteristics are associated with adults' mathematics performance. The aim of this study was to investigate reading component skills (printed vocabulary, sentence processing, passage…

This paper reports how I addressed the issue of extensive missing values in my PhD study, "Digital Competencies of High School Mathematics Teachers". I collected data using an online survey. Several methods exist to address the issue of missing values. I utilised multiple imputation (MI) as it provides more accurate results. The mean…

The aim of the study was to evaluate the extended version of the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) via an online learning setting known as the Online Problem-Solving Inventory (OPSI) through the lens of Rasch Model analysis. To date, there is no extended version of the PSI for online settings even though many researchers have used it; thus, this…

Background: One area that has been dramatically changed by artificial intelligence (AI) is educational environments. Chatbots, Recommender Systems, Adaptive Learning Systems and Large Language Models have been emerging as practical tools for facilitating learning. However, using such tools appropriately is challenging. In this regard, the…

We previously (Gantt et al., 2023; Paoletti et al., 2021) identified items from the publicly released TIMSS 2011 assessments that had potential for students to employ covariational reasoning as a solution strategy. In this report, we explore the extent to which fourth-grade students' performance on such items in mathematics differed among 26…

Computational thinking is recognized as a vital skill related to problem-solving in technological and non-technological fields. The existence of different sub-domains related to this skill has been pointed out. Therefore, there is a need for tools that measure these different sub-domains. Because of its structure that includes different skills,…

The study focuses on assessing the proficiency levels of higher education students, specifically the physics achievement test (PHY 101) at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN). This test, like others, evaluates various aspects of knowledge and skills simultaneously. However, relying on traditional models for such tests can result in…

The success of a school centers on teachers' ability to create well-aligned educational tools. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum requires adapting assessments, including Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions for real-world problem-solving scenarios. This study explored contexts proposed by teachers in Papua for developing Mathematics HOTS…

Understanding particle motion in force fields (PMFF), which encompasses the nature of forces and the relationship between force and motion, is fundamental to mastering mechanics and electromagnetism. Effectively solving PMFF-related problems requires advanced reasoning skills and the ability to apply knowledge across diverse contexts. Despite…

Response process data have the potential to provide a rich description of test-takers' thinking processes. However, retrieving insights from these data presents a challenge for educational assessments and educational data mining as they are complex and not well annotated. The present study addresses this challenge by developing a computational…

The aim of this study is to analyse the science questions in terms of visual content in the higher education entrance exams in Turkey. In this context, 1714 questions in total prepared by the Center for Measurement, Selection and Placement (CMSP) between 1999 and 2019 in the fields of Physics (n=631), Chemistry (n=553) and Biology (n=530)…