There is a dearth of research on hope in studies of second or foreign (L2) language learning. Therefore, the present research contributes conceptually to a deep understanding of hope for learning English as a foreign language and the ways it may be developed. To do so, an exploratory mixed-methods design was employed. Using in-depth interviews,…

The Advanced Placement (AP) Program was created by the College Board upon the premise that university-level material can be taught successfully to high school students who have outstanding ability plus the motivation to learn. By challenging these students, the Advanced Placement Program accelerates learning and enhances studies at both the high…