When a class is considered a study abroad rather than on-campus course, new criteria of learning, evaluation, and vocabulary often apply. Calling it "study abroad effects", this article examines such effects on short-term study abroad programs in the US by introducing the notion of the "mode of study abroad learning", a kind of…

This work explores how short-term study abroad programs in emerging nations might be redesigned to become more beneficial to host institutions and communities, while providing more responsive, transformative learning experiences for students, and analyze how study abroad programs, as well as follow-on grant and research programs, can also be the…

In this paper, the author reviews the research done on the learning efforts of adults and presents some high-priority directions for the future. The paper first defines major learning efforts (learning projects) and describes some recent changes in the practice and focus of adult education. It then provides a general picture of the frequency of…