This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the attitudes of Arabic teachers toward Arabic language teaching. The population of this study consists of 171 teachers and teacher candidates for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 202 teachers for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), who teach Arabic in Turkey. The…

Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI) test was developed as a local standardised test of English for professional and international communication. To ensure that the CULI test fulfils its intended purposes, this study employed Kane's argument-based validation and Rasch measurement approaches to construct the validity argument for the…

Teaching pragmatics is crucial in the teaching of English as a foreign language (EFL) since it is one of the primary indications of successfully and appropriately communicating in a target language. To our knowledge, there are not many studies on teaching pragmatics and no thoroughly designed measurement tools to investigate the perspectives of…

Teacher agency is a pivotal element of professionalism and second/foreign language (L2) education. However, its role in L2 assessment has remained under-researched. Part of this negligence is due to the absence of a validated questionnaire to measure the construct and its underlying components. To address this gap, drawing on the ecological…

This study introduces the first Arabic Vocabulary Levels Test (Arabic-VLT), created for foreign learners of Arabic. We present compelling evidence to substantiate its validity and reliability. The Arabic-VLT was developed according to five levels, beginning with the most frequently used words (Level 1) to the least frequently used ones (Level 5),…

This paper addresses the intersection of testing and policy, situating test-driven impact and validation within the context of policy-led educational reform in Korea. I will briefly review the existing validation models. Then, arguing for an expansion of the conventional conceptualization of consequential validity research, I use Fairclough's…

Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic), a high-stakes English language proficiency test, underwent substantial revisions in 2021. The test duration was reduced from 3 h to 2 h by reducing specific task numbers and sections. This study investigates the impact of these changes on teachers' perceptions and teaching practices, areas…

Studies have shown that raising L2 learners' metaphor awareness contributes to the acquisition of figurative language, which fosters students' development of language skills. However, the instruments measuring metaphor awareness, in the majority of relevant research, did not seem to have undergone proper methodological procedures for checking…

The present study aimed to validate a 70-item Korean bilingual version of the Vocabulary Size Test (VST) using Rasch modeling. The goal was to assess the applicability of this Korean version of the VST for Korean learners of English in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context by examining validity evidence based on Messick's framework.…

Tests are designed as an integral part of the teaching process, necessarily including stakeholders from the onset of preparations to grade allocation, the administration of the test, and the interpretation of the results. The process commences with selecting content to evaluate, deciding upon the skills to be tested, and to meet course objectives…

Studies on Global Englishes (GE)-related pedagogical and curricular innovations emphasize the importance of exposing students to the diversity of English and its users. However, they do not provide direct evidence of changes in students' attitudes. The reliability and validity of existing quantitative instruments for measuring students' attitudes…

Thousands of education institutions worldwide rely on IELTS scores as criteria for accepting international students whose first language is not English. Individual studies have found varying degrees of strength of correlations and conflicting results between IELTS entry scores and subsequent academic success. These conflicting results were…

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology continues to advance, its influences across various industries have grown, leading to increasing levels of anxiety, including that in education. Nonetheless, in terms of current knowledge, the literature lacks a valid scale to measure AI anxiety among EFL teachers, particularly university EFL teachers.…

This research aimed at developing a reliable scale to determine in-service language teachers' perceptions about teaching pronunciation and contributing to the English Language Teaching (ELT) field. The participants of the study consisted of 132 English language instructors working in 42 secondary and high schools in the 2021 to 2022 academic year…

It is important to improve the literacy skills of students who learn Turkish as a foreign language. Especially the development of writing skills has a vital role in gaining literacy skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a scale that can measure the writing anxiety of students who learn Turkish as a foreign language. For this…