Reports on the findings of a comparative study of mental abilities of Mexican and American children. Discusses age, sex, social class, and urban-rural differences, as well as cultural differences. (SS)

Kohlberg's moral dilemmas were used to determine levels of moral reasoning among 115 adolescents representing urban middle class and lower class, kibbutz-born and Youth Aliyah (disadvantaged urban youth educated in the kibbutz), Moslem and Christian groups in Israel. (Author/DB)

Reviews literature on Chinese patterns of socialization. Discusses methodological issues with respect to continuity versus change through time, and variation across geographical locations, systematically considering variables of gender, age, and social class. Concludes that departures from traditional pattern in different locations are evident,…

This study compared responses of 20 Chinese and 20 U.S. students to the 9-dot problem, a problem demonstrating the common assumption of nonexistent boundaries. There were significant effects of culture (significantly more Chinese students solved the problem), age, and interaction between culture and age and between culture and sex. (DB)

Examined the frequency and type of pragmatic devices used in oral New Zealand English, based on analysis of the Wellington Corpus of Spoken New Zealand English. It found "you know" and "eh" were both found more frequently in working-class than middle-class speech. Other age, gender, and class distinctions are discussed. (45…

A historical view of the production and treatment of human difference and diversity in Ontario (Canada) school policy and practices is presented. Five distinct patterns are identified that have characterized the educational treatment of difference and diversity in Ontario. It is argued that continuing examination of the treatment of difference is…

Compared levels of conformity to parents and peers of 592 Indian adolescents and investigated effects of age, sex, and locality on levels of conformity. Results showed that adolescents were more conforming to parent than to peer views, with early adolescents showing greater adherence to parental views, and late adolescents favoring peers. (Author)

Reports findings of national survey on school violence in Israel. Revealed high rates of violence in all areas and among all age groups, but relatively higher rates of low-level violent behaviors and lower rates of more severe violent events. Reports on age-related, gender, and cultural differences; discusses social workers' roles in shaping…

A sample of 175 British 7-year olds was interviewed, and 114 were reinterviewed at age 11. Results showed teaching and fighting to be common in school life. More boys than girls were teased or involved in fighting. Although over half said racial teasing occurred, very few said it happened to them. Retaliation was the most frequent coping strategy.…

A study of the acculturation process of 146 adolescents whose parents migrated from the Indian subcontinent to England indicates that girls show more positive attitudes to the adoption of English norms than the boys and that Hindu and Sikh young people become acculturated faster than Muslims. (JOW)

Examined conceptions of emerging adulthood among Argentinians in their middle twenties. Found wide support for individualistic criteria for adulthood, but also criteria suggesting more collectivistic values. Identified gender, social class origin, and educational attainment differences. Concluded that emerging adulthood is a distinct developmental…

Surveyed 553 Jewish, Moslem, and Christian teachers concerning their perceptions of alcoholism. Found differences in perception of alcoholism among teachers of different religions, educational levels, gender, and drinking practices. Found no differences among teachers of different ages or among those working in different types of schools.…

Test results from five-year-olds showed significant social class effects on all cognitive abilities but significant sex differences on only motor ability. Children with mixed or not-established hand preference had significantly lower general cognitive ability than right handers. (CMG)

Literacy data were collected on a 5 percent sample of the Republic of South Africa's 1980 population census. Approximately 5 million persons aged 20 or older were found to be illiterate. The racial breakdown of the literacy rate among the different population groups was as follows: Asians, 79.84 percent; whites, 97.18 percent; racially mixed…

Investigates the frequency and structure of boredom, as well as the various ways and means of escaping it. Subjects were 694 male and female Senegalese secondary school students who responded to an open-ended questionnaire about boredom. (Author/CM)