Studies were made of (1) young children's use of body-weight type for processing information about peers, and (2) the development of children's stereotypical knowledge about characteristics associated with body-weight type. For the first study, a measure was developed to assess "body salience," or the degree to which children use weight…

Investigated relationships between mothers' perception of infants temperament at 6 months and their behavior toward their infants at 6 and 12 months of age among 40 firstborn Israeli infants. Temperamental intensity ratings were related to auditory stimulation and contingent positive vocalization for girls and to increased physical contact for…

Identified two subdimensions of an index designed to measure children's perceptions of older adults in responses from 120 Afro-Caribbean children living in a rural Costa Rican community. Findings showed older females were perceived as more authoritative and older males as more affective. Used ethnographic techniques with survey results to…

When adult versions of tests of spatial ability were modified and administered to 94 boys and 99 girls in Norway, results indicated that spatial ability is a more unified trait in boys than in girls, in whom spatial abilities are more heterogeneously organized. (SLD)

Lerner has proposed an equity model used in the determination of fair allocations which suggests that if two individuals are perceived as being similar to and in a positive relationship with each other, there are two possible rules that give fair allocation of rewards. If individuals see each other as occupants of positions the characteristics of…

Examined how Parisian adolescents (N=403) perceived their relationships. Found that images in test drawings associated with the fantasies of attraction toward the other sex, along with the ambiguities which characterize adolescence, rather than the reality of their relationships, influenced the subjects' responses. (Author/ABB)

Compares engaged couples' expected gender-role differentiation of labor in marriage with their actual household task allocation one year after marriage. The acceptance of feminist ideology was the dominant predictor of household task allocation for both males and females. Parental household task allocation did not predict task allocation.…

Israeli participants (N=80), 16 to 78, were asked to divide course of life into periods, starting at age 11, and to mark range of each period. Younger people perceived lifespan as more differentiated (divided into more periods), whereas older people perceived it in a less differentiated way. (Author)

Although strong counselor gender preference was evident, this study indicated no significant difference in the perceived credibility of the counselor, regardless of gender or of the client concerns. (Author)

Reports on gender differences in the perceptions of General Certificate of Secondary Education and A level pupils toward technology-based courses. The study involving 90 male and 94 female pupils revealed that technology is perceived as being similar to science subjects rather than to craft subjects and both group's perceptions of technology are…

All children tended to view the mother more frequently than the father as a source of understanding and comfort, and all the groups saw the father more often than the mother as dominating, and fear provoking. (Author)

This study examined sex differences in values and roles reported by five samples of adults from North America and Europe. The data were derived from a larger set gathered as part of the Work Importance Study (WIS) in which researchers in a dozen countries developed the two instruments in their own language. The question posed here related to the…

Both structured and free response questionnaires were given to 600 Australian children (100 each of 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old boys and girls) on perceptions of their parents. The free response questionnaire asked children to complete sentences beginning with the phrase "Mothers are" or the phrase "Fathers are." The structured…

According to Duke and Newicki, the distance maintained by a subject towards an approach stimulus is closely related to the internal structures of his personality. The test puts the subject's projective personality and the perception that the group has of the subject into relief. Duke and Newiski's "Comfortable Interpersonal Distance"…

The present study assessed the extent to which kindergarten children's performance on the Bender-Gestalt Test is related to sex and sociocultural variables and to children's social behavior. Two distinctly different Israeli populations were included: the Druze and the Jews. Significant correlations between perceptual indicators and social…