Administered translations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory to adults in Germany, Italy, Portugal, Croatia, and South Korea. Found declines in neuroticism, extraversion and openness, and increases in agreeableness and conscientiousness age for both men and women. Results support hypothesis that age differences reflect universal maturational…

Two components of life orientation emerged in study of 145 men and 142 women at age 26: Positive Orientation (PO), which included self-percepts of personal control over development; and Motivated Questioning (MQ), which consisted of identity exploration and dissatisfaction with present achievements. In comparison with MQ, PO was more strongly…

Found a significant positive correlation between wives' (but not husbands') neuroticism scores and the degree to which the couple is apart on Lanyon's extraversion-introversion scale. Further correlations suggest fewer intimate communications and agreements between highly diverging couples. Theorized that this constellation of factors leads to…

A person-centered approach was followed for the study of patterns in personality development in middle childhood through early adolescence. In a longitudinal study of 100 children, the "big five" personality factors--extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness--were assessed in person descriptions by…

Examined the relationship of early memories to personality in studies of college students in Australia and New Zealand. Results suggested that personality, measured by the Eyseneck Personality Questionnaire, may affect both the type of earliest important experience and earliest memory reported. (JAC)

Resilience is defined as "the human capacity to face, overcome, and be strengthened by experiences of adversity." This study used an Eriksonian developmental model to examine parents', caregivers', and children's resilience-promotion in children up to 12 years of age. Age and gender differences and cultural/ethnic similarities and…

Investigated the usefulness of Carey's Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire in the Chinese culture and used the questionnaire to assess the temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. While the general pattern of results resembled data from Carey's American sample, differences were found, which could be interpreted in terms of response…

While minor physical anomalies (MPAs), a set of 17 non-obvious but measurable characteristics of the hands, face and feet, have been linked to a number of behavioral syndromes in children, such personality correlates of MPAs in adults have not been studied. To explore the relationshp between MPAs and temperament in a college sample, 114 students…

Investigated relationships between mothers' perception of infants temperament at 6 months and their behavior toward their infants at 6 and 12 months of age among 40 firstborn Israeli infants. Temperamental intensity ratings were related to auditory stimulation and contingent positive vocalization for girls and to increased physical contact for…

Forty-five members of the Norwegian national team in orienteering and 11 coaches ranked 18 items regarding their importance in being a good coach. In addition, the athletes evaluated their individual coaches using the evaluation version of the scale. Compared responses of males and females, junior and senior athletes, and coaches and athletes. (KS)

Dramatic accounts of adolescent turmoil may confuse psychopathology with normal development if derived from the study of clinical populations. To compare the development of normal adolescents, 108 students aged 17-22 from the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Western Samoa were studied. Results of three different personality measures…

Temperament was measured at ages four and eight months on a sample of infants representing the five Holingshead social classes. A typology very similar to the New York Longitudinal Study's "easy/difficult" axis was found in both age groups. No influences of social class and gender differences on temperament were found. (CI)

In Finland, 151 women and 160 men were followed from age 8 to 36. High career orientation was explained by high self-control. Social activity was related to female career orientation. Both stable and unstable careers were more strongly related to personality traits in women than men. (63 references) (SK)

Describes a study of Norwegian undergraduates which attempted to explain previous research showing that women have a lower expectancy than men before examinations. Reports that little evidence was found to support the assumption that sex differences in expectancy can be understood as an aspect of differences in more general instrumental…

Data from 457 British workers (75% response) supported the need for gender-specific models of career success. Women's achievements were influenced chiefly by merit, lack of domestic responsibilities, and favorable organizational and opportunity structures; men's were influenced by personality and societal opportunity structure. (SK)