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Examining Links between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence
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Stefania Sette; Matilde Brunetti; Giulia Pecora; Fiorenzo Laghi; Emiddia Longobardi; Robert J. Coplan – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2025
This study investigated links between motivations for social withdrawal, time spent alone, and indices of internalizing difficulties. Participants were 169 (n = 96 girls) children and early adolescents aged 8-14 years (M[subscript age] = 10.82, SD = 1.78). Children completed self-report measures of motivations for social withdrawal (shyness,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Social Isolation
Chinese Mothers' Cultural Models of Children's Shyness: Ethnotheories and Socialization Strategies in the Context of Social Change
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Liu, Jia Li; Harkness, Sara; Super, Charles M. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2020
Research by Xinyin Chen and others has documented that in past decades, shyness in Chinese children was associated with leadership, peer-acceptance, and academic achievement. In contemporary China, shyness predicts maladaptive youth outcomes. Although social, political, and economic transitions are presumed to be responsible for this shift, little…
Descriptors: Shyness, Child Development, Academic Achievement, Peer Acceptance
Shyness and Adaptation to School in a Chinese Community
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Feng, Xin; Harkness, Sara; Super, Charles M.; Jia, Rongfang – Infant and Child Development, 2014
This study examined the process of adjustment in shy and nonshy children during the transition to school in a Chinese community. Children (35 shy and 19 nonshy) were assessed three times before and after they entered the first grade. Shy and nonshy children's interactions with peers and teachers, perceived peer acceptance, and anxious behaviour…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Adjustment (to Environment), Shyness, Elementary School Students
The Role of Reinforcement Sensitivity in the Development of Childhood Personality
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Slobodskaya, Helena R.; Kuznetsova, Valeriya B. – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2013
The study examined the contribution of reinforcement sensitivity to childhood personality at three levels of the hierarchical structure, mid-level traits, the Big Five and two higher-order factors, and the moderating role of sex and age in a sample of 3-18-year-olds. The canonical correlation analyses indicated that reinforcement sensitivity and…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Personality, Child Development, Personality Traits
Language and Academic Abilities in Children with Selective Mutism
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Nowakowski, Matilda E.; Cunningham, Charles E.; McHolm, Angela E.; Evans, Mary Ann; Edison, Shannon; St. Pierre, Jeff; Boyle, Michael H.; Schmidt, Louis A. – Infant and Child Development, 2009
We examined receptive language and academic abilities in children with selective mutism (SM; n = 30; M age = 8.8 years), anxiety disorders (n = 46; M age = 9.3 years), and community controls (n = 27; M age = 7.8 years). Receptive language and academic abilities were assessed using standardized tests completed in the laboratory. We found a…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Standardized Tests, Receptive Language, Academic Ability
Preschool Temperament and Environmental Factors Related to the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Middle Childhood.
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Hagekull, Berit; Bohlin, Gunilla – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1998
A prospective study investigated associations between preschool temperament and environmental factors and school-age personality in 93 Swedish children. Found that personality was predicted by early temperament and environmental factors such as external day care and negative life events. Extraversion was most clearly related to temperament.…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Child Development, Children, Day Care Effects