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James Pengelley; Peter R. Whipp; Anabela Malpique – Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 2025
The rising use of technology in classrooms has also brought with it a concomitant wave of computer-based assessments. The argument for computer-based testing is often framed in terms of efficiency and data management: computer-based tests facilitate more efficient processing of test data and the rate at which feedback can be leveraged for student…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Paper and Pencil Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Student Evaluation
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Loaiza, Vanessa M.; Halse, Sindre C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Previous work regarding a counterintuitive benefit of increasing distractors on episodic long-term memory (LTM) has suggested that retrieval of memoranda in working memory (WM) after attention has been distracted may confer benefits to episodic LTM. The current study investigated 2 conceptions of how this may occur: either as an attentional…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Performance Factors, Attention
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Abel, Magdalena; Haller, Valerie; Köck, Hanna; Pötschke, Sarah; Heib, Dominik; Schabus, Manuel; Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Retrieval practice relative to restudy of learned material typically attenuates time-dependent forgetting. A recent study examining this testing effect across 12-h delays filled with nocturnal sleep versus daytime wakefulness, however, showed that sleep directly following encoding benefited recall of restudied but not of retrieval practiced items,…
Descriptors: Sleep, Testing, Recall (Psychology), Memory
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Sekeres, Melanie J.; Moscovitch, Morris; Grady, Cheryl L.; Sullens, D. Gregory; Winocur, Gordon – Learning & Memory, 2020
Conditioned fear memories that are context-specific shortly after conditioning generalize over time. We exposed rats to a context reminder 30 d after conditioning, which served to reinstate context-specificity, and investigated how this reminder alters retrieval-induced activity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) relative to a…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning
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Tempel, Tobias; Neumann, Roland – Journal of Experimental Education, 2016
We investigated processes underlying performance decrements of highly test-anxious persons. Three experiments contrasted conditions that differed in the degree of activation of concepts related to failure. Participants memorized a list of words either containing words related to failure or containing no words related to failure in Experiment 1. In…
Descriptors: Test Anxiety, Cognitive Tests, Test Wiseness, Foreign Countries
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Stenlund, Tova; Sundström, Anna; Jonsson, Bert – Educational Psychology, 2016
This study examined whether practice testing with short-answer (SA) items benefits learning over time compared to practice testing with multiple-choice (MC) items, and rereading the material. More specifically, the aim was to test the hypotheses of "retrieval effort" and "transfer appropriate processing" by comparing retention…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Test Format, Testing
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Racsmány, Mihály; Szollosi, Ágnes; Bencze, Dorottya – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The "testing effect" refers to the striking phenomenon that repeated retrieval practice is one of the most effective learning strategies, and certainly more advantageous for long-term learning, than additional restudying of the same information. How retrieval can boost the retention of memories is still without unanimous explanation. In…
Descriptors: Memory, Testing, Recall (Psychology), Retention (Psychology)
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Jonsson, Bert; Wiklund-Hörnqvist, Carola; Stenlund, Tova; Andersson, Micael; Nyberg, Lars – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
The testing effect, defined as the positive effect of "retrieval practice" (i.e., self-testing) on long-term memory retention relative to other ways to support learning, is a robust empirical phenomenon. Despite substantial scientific evidence for the testing effect, less is known about its effectiveness in relation to individual…
Descriptors: Testing, Cognitive Ability, Individual Differences, Secondary School Students
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Bertilsson, Frida; Wiklund-Hörnqvist, Carola; Stenlund, Tova; Jonsson, Bert – Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 2017
Retrieval practice is known to lead to better retention of a to-be-learned material than restudy (i.e., the testing effect). However, few studies have investigated retrieval practice in relation to working memory capacity (WMC) and personality characteristics such as grittiness (Grit) and need for cognition (NFC). In two experiments, we examined…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Short Term Memory, Testing, Personality Traits
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Segal, Osnat; Kishon-Rabin, Liat – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2019
Arabic stress is predictable, varies across words, and does not have a contrastive role, whereas, Hebrew stress although nonpredictable, carries contrastive value. Stress processing was assessed in speakers of the two languages at three processing levels: discrimination, short-term memory, and metalinguistic awareness. In Experiment 1, Arabic…
Descriptors: Semitic Languages, Native Language, Metalinguistics, Phonology
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Weinstein, Yana; Gilmore, Adrian W.; Szpunar, Karl K.; McDermott, Kathleen B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
We examined the hypothesis that interpolated testing in a multiple list paradigm protects against proactive interference by sustaining test expectancy during encoding. In both experiments, recall on the last of 5 word lists was compared between 4 conditions: a tested group who had taken tests on all previous lists, an untested group who had not…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Expectation, Testing
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Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T.; Holterman, Christoph; Abel, Magdalena – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieval practice in comparison to restudy of previously encoded contents can improve memory performance and reduce time-dependent forgetting. Naturally, long retention intervals include both wake and sleep delay, which can influence memory contents differently. In fact, sleep immediately after…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Sleep, Memory, Cognitive Processes
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Stenlund, Tova; Jönsson, Fredrik U.; Jonsson, Bert – Educational Psychology, 2017
This paper focuses on the factors that are likely to play a role in individual learning outcomes from group discussions, and it includes a comparison featuring test-enhanced learning. A between-groups design (N = 98) was used to examine the learning effects of feedback if provided to discussion groups, and to examine whether group discussions…
Descriptors: Group Discussion, Tests, Outcomes of Education, Comparative Analysis
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Damhuis, Carmen M. P.; Segers, Eliane; Verhoeven, Ludo – School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2015
We investigated effects of listening to single or multiple storybook readings versus testing with and without feedback on children's breadth (i.e., the number of words) and depth (i.e., the quality of word knowledge) of vocabulary learning. Kindergartners (n = 125) were divided into 3 intervention and 1 control conditions. Children in the control…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Vocabulary Development, Kindergarten, Young Children
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Pansky, Ainat – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
In this study, potential benefits of early memory testing were examined in terms of "inoculating" eyewitness memory against forgetting. As predicted by fuzzy trace theory (e.g., Reyna & Titcomb, 1997), a larger testing advantage in the delayed recall of event details was expected after immediate testing than after delayed testing…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Testing, Memory
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