Two experiments examined biases in selective attention during contextual cuing of visual search. When participants were instructed to search for a target of a particular color, overt attention (as measured by the location of fixations) was biased strongly toward distractors presented in that same color. However, when participants searched for…

A fundamental principle of learning is that predictive cues or signals compete with each other to gain control over behavior. Associative and propositional reasoning theories of learning provide radically different accounts of cue competition. Propositional accounts predict that under conditions that do not afford or warrant the use of higher…

In 5 experiments involving 306 adults, the mechanisms underlying semantic priming in the domain of face recognition, particularly famous faces, and the plausibility of modularity were assessed. Results suggest that sensitivity changes that occur when direct associative connections within the module can be ruled out pose a problem for modularity.…