Current usage of third person direct and indirect object pronouns in textbooks, literature, and oral language is examined, and graded exercises and techniques stressing the practical, communicative function of these pronouns are suggested. Classroom drills and variations are proposed based on an examination of 30 first-year college texts that…

It is proposed that the concepts of location and goal are helpful instructional tools in Russian, encouraging competence and discouraging incorrect analyses of sentence structure. Minor reorganization of conventional instructional materials and addition of a few sentences for discussion would be of significant assistance in student understanding.…

An analysis of the use of attenuation (structural or semantic softening of the speech act) and sentence structure in elicited speech acts by normally developing, learning disabled, and developmentally delayed populations is presented. In the normally developing population (1) the development of attenuation strategies is different from structural…