The literacy-targeted (LT) introductory economics course seeks to reduce the quantity of economic concepts under study and increase students' ability to apply those concepts to improve their own decisions and to make sense of economic news. The assessment strategy of the course must target students' ability to transfer their conceptual knowledge…

The authors developed an instructional nudges as part of a larger research project. These instructional nudges are designed to be small but powerful changes to teachers' existing practices. Some instructional nudges focus on modifying tasks used in classrooms. In this article, the authors share Rate and Review. The goal of Rate and Review is to…

Solving problems is crucial for learning physics, and not only final solutions but also their derivations are important. Grading these derivations is labor intensive, as it generally involves human evaluation of handwritten work. AI tools have not been an alternative, since even for short answers, they needed specific training for each problem or…

This study analyzes educators' conceptions of STEM education at the beginning of an online graduate course for in-service teachers. It offers a qualitative thematic analysis of educators' initial conception of STEM education and their roles as STEM educators through the use of concept maps and reflection statements. Conceptions of STEM varied…

In programming problem solving activities, sometimes, students need feedback to progress in the course, being positively affected by the received feedback. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art and practice of the feedback approaches on introductory programming. To this end, we have carried out a systematic literature mapping to…

The purpose of this intervention study was to develop and evaluate a support model for teachers, designed to assist them in diagnosing students' (age 16-19 years) difficulties and providing feedback to support students' mathematical problem solving. Reporting on an iteration in a design research project, the results showed that the support helped…

Problem solving is considered an essential ability for becoming an expert in physics, and individualized feedback on the structure of problem-solving processes is a key component to support students in developing this ability. Problem-solving processes consist of multiple elements whose order forms the sequential structure of these processes.…

Instructional strategies employing complex problem-solving examine how learners represent the problem space and argue for decisions. Unlike problems with few solutions (e.g., multiple choices), instructors struggle to evaluate solutions to ill-structured problems quickly and consistently across students. This prevents instructors to provide timely…

This dissertation develops and evaluates the validity and reliability of the Skills Self-Efficacy Scale for Adolescents (SSES-A), a measure designed to assess adolescents' self-efficacy in critical future skills: problem-solving, communication, creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking. Anchored in Social Cognitive Theory and Psychometric…

We offer an analysis of calculus assessment items that highlights ways to evaluate students' application of important meanings and support their engagement in generative ways of reasoning. Our central aim is to identify characteristics of items that require students to apply their understanding of key ideas. We coordinate this analysis of…

This study focuses on computer-based formative assessment for supporting problem solving and reasoning in mathematics. To be able to assist students who find themselves in difficulties, the software suggested descriptions - diagnoses - of the encountered difficulty the students could choose from. Thereafter, the software provided metacognitive and…

The design of the formative and summative assessment processes is of paramount importance to help students avoid procrastination and guide them towards the achievement of the learning objectives that are described in the course syllabus. If the assessment processes are poorly designed the outcome can be disappointing, including high grades but…

This study aims to elicit the role of formative feedback in the development of students in a mathematical problem-solving process. For this purpose, the study's primary process is to investigate the development of elementary school students (aged 10 to 11) through feedback given during a problem-solving process. While visually engaged in the…

We describe a formative assessment approach called whole-class think alouds, which foster evidence-based instructional practices and promote the goal of assessment to promote learning. They allow students to collaborate and orally communicate their problem solving.

Feedback on how students progress through completing subgoals can improve students' learning and motivation in programming. Detecting subgoal completion is a challenging task, and most learning environments do so either with "expert-authored" models or with "data-driven" models. Both models have advantages that are…