This article describes the Four-N-Framework for responding to readers through focused and intentional individualized dynamic formative feedback. Making ongoing informed data-driven instructional decisions and effective actionable feedback supports students' reading growth and fosters lifelong readers. This easy-to-implement process can support…

Purpose: The paper aims to develop a coherent understanding of literacy assessment, one that draws on current conceptualising of assessment generally while accounting for the complexity of literacy and literacy development. It responds to The Foundation for Learning Literacy Touchstone #8, offering a view of assessment as an "eco-system"…

Instructional design problems are one of the most complicated and ill-structured types of problems due to the dynamic nature of design problems and decision-making processes. Formulating instructional design solutions thereby requires teachers to possess adequate decision-making knowledge and skills and apply them to instructional design. This…

In this article, the authors describe how their NPD project aims to support bilingual classroom teachers' understanding and implementation of translanguaging as theory and practice. They share two practical tools they developed to help teachers approach formative assessment through a translanguaging lens. The first tool is a classroom conversation…

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the implementation of training and practices of formative assessment for new North Carolina Career and Technical Education (CTE) teachers. The study investigated new CTE teacher levels of knowledge, the strategies they use, and the challenges they face. This study aimed to improve the quality…

The purpose of this paper is to theoretically explore how Hip Hop pedagogy can be utilized and implemented in K-12 classroom formative assessment practices. As a conceptual paper, there will be five sections. The first section will explore classroom formative assessment definitions and highlight theoretical frameworks used to conceptualize the…

When analyzing instructional quality in mathematics, observational measures can consider domain-specific instructional approaches (e.g., effective teaching of mathematics) and content-focused practices (e.g., effective teaching of a specific mathematical topic). In this study, we analyze lesson videos from secondary algebra classrooms using two…

This article shares information from a research study with six high school mathematics teachers focused onthe elements that helped and/orhindered their ability to implement formative assessment practices,including learning targets, questioning, feedback,self-assessment, peer assessment, and instructional decisions in their classrooms. Although…

This study reports on the effectiveness and challenges of a formative assessment professional development program designed to address the challenges Kosovo teachers face in adequately using formative assessment in their classrooms. Selected teachers ("n" = 19) from Kosovo municipalities participated in the professional development…

This research focussed on the use of formative assessment in Finnish initial teacher education. Pre-service teachers' perceptions of using formative assessment to promote learning were explored. A convenience sample (N = 60) was taken from two pre-service teacher cohorts in which two methods of formative assessment were used during a period of…

Two aspects of formative assessment practices in the Dutch and Flemish educational context were explored: the degree to which secondary mathematics teachers implement a variety of assessment techniques in their classrooms, and the extent to which their students are involved in assessment practices. By developing profiles based on the combination…

Many students at the Valley View Primary School (pseudonym) in the Caribbean are not performing according to numeracy and literacy standards on national tests. Administration and teachers wanted to know why changes to formative assessment practices are not increasing students' achievement levels. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case…

The authors developed an instructional nudges as part of a larger research project. These instructional nudges are designed to be small but powerful changes to teachers' existing practices. Some instructional nudges focus on modifying tasks used in classrooms. In this article, the authors share Rate and Review. The goal of Rate and Review is to…

Medical schools were incorporating active learning strategies in anatomy teaching to accommodate diverse student bodies. Formative assessment and art as a hands-on learning method had been explored as alternatives to traditional teaching methods. Those methods allowed students to practice and assess their understanding of anatomy as they progress.…

A large body of research has shown the effectiveness of formative assessment on student learning. Yet research on teachers' implementation of formative assessment is relatively underdeveloped. In addition, there has been a lack of effective instruments for observing teachers' formative assessment practices. This study focuses on the ongoing…