In the province of Quebec, the role of language and religion has been a significant feature in defining nationality, educating the young, and building infrastructures such as libraries. In contrast to English-Canadian provinces, only after 1960 did the government of Quebec authorize public support for public libraries to serve its francophone…

The history of Ontario's policies governing Franco-Ontarian education is highlighted in this paper, with a focus on the evolution of cultural pluralism and the struggle for minority French language education self-governance. Adopting a political systems framework for policy making and a pluralist perspective, the paper illustrates the conflicts…