The purpose of this article is to outline four categories of issues that are fundamental to understanding the efficacy of technology for enhancing reading performance. The four categories of issues include: (1) What does it mean when we say a person is a reader or a nonreader?; (2) Instructional methods: Lessons of the achievement gap; (3) Remediation versus compensation; and (4) Measurement of outcomes. In this article, the author briefly describes each set of issues and recommends new directions that illustrate what teachers need to know to move forward in light of those issues. Individually and collectively, the recommendations for new directions are intended to operationalize a research agenda concerning the use of technology for enhancing functional reading performance. A list of Products are appended. (Contains 1 figure.)