The current assessment of the state of political division in the United States is foreboding. Americans are more divided than any time since the Civil War, leaving some to opine that these differences may be irreconcilable. This speculative analysis takes seriously as its point of departure the position of a growing number of American commentators…

The high rate of child mortality registered during the early months of the Civil War led the Republican authorities to initiate several operations to evacuate youngsters with the purpose of protecting and saving the children of Spain. At the beginning, the children were evacuated to zones in the interior of the country far removed from the front…

Examines the current causes of future petroleum-related energy crises and their impact on the United States. The internal political problems of the Middle Eastern oil-producing countries and the influence of Russia on world energy conflicts are discussed. Two alternatives for avoiding energy catastrophes in the United States are considered. (AM)

Presents a wide spectrum of views by scholars of Soviet Affairs regarding recent American policy and predictions for the future course of international relations between the two super powers. Experts are Adam B. Ulam (Harvard University), Robert F. Byrnes (Indiana University), Stephen F. Cohen (Princeton University), Alexander Yanov (University of…

Higher education institutions in Russia are becoming the country's major scientific research centers. The effectiveness of this university research is discussed. (Author/RM)

Changes taking place in the content of labor, its utilization of technical facilities, and different forms of organization, should be taken into account in future training of skilled workers in the nonproduction sphere (i.e., education, culture, art, and public administration). (Author)

Scientists' role in the conversion of the arms industry is discussed in the context of research and solutions to economic problems related to arms conversion. Suggestions for preparing to undertake arms conversion based on Russia's postwar experience are presented. Scientists should prove that disarmament is desirable and will benefit humanity.…

Discussion of the effect of glasnost on the availability of business information from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe highlights online services.These include general information sources, specialized business services, industry-specific services, new services, and forthcoming developments. Problems in dealing with the increased availability of…

The extent to which higher education effectively functions determines, in large measure, the national economic efficiency of Russia. This article discusses the concentration, structure, and location of Russian universities. (Author/RM)

Reviews the relationship between scientific and technological progress, needs of the Soviet economy, and capacities of higher education institutions in terms of the future of the mining industry. Mining specialists will have to prepare for technical progress in the extracting industries, growth in production, complex mechanization, and automation…

The nature of military research and development (R&D) is reviewed. Relationships between military R&D and governmental science policy in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union--countries that pursue different science policies and R&D strategies--are compared. Suggestions for a more realistic science policy are presented. (SR)

Considers a model of education in the last decade of the 20th century devised by the Educational Development Forecasting Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Science. New model schools will feature alternation of work and rest periods, more time in the open air, psycho-physical development, optional studies, and greater opportunities for…

The increased dependence of the USSR on United States food exports may signal a major shift in the balance of power between the two nations. The impact of this shift on U.S.-Soviet relations, the Soviet agricultural system, and the world economic system is examined. (AM)

The scientific and technological revolution is making progressive changes in the material conditions of economic production in Russia and is actively influencing the development and improvement of education. The influence of university education on the socioeconomic process is discussed. (Author/RM)