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Individual Differences and Willingness to Communicate in Second Language: The Role of Student Age, Gender and Socioeconomic Status

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Li, Zheng; Li, Bing – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022

It has been widely argued that willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) is a dual construct of the learner's trait and state. This study aimed to explore the relationships between trait-level antecedents (students' demographic features) and their L2 WTC. A sample of 1502 university students was recruited to participate in this…

Descriptors: Student Characteristics, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Age Differences