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"You Should Smile More": Population-Level Sex Differences in Smiling Also Exist in Autistic People
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Casey J. Zampella; Julia Parish-Morris; Jessica Foy; Meredith Cola; Robert T. Schultz; John D. Herrington – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2025
Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating "typical" versus "atypical." This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to…
Descriptors: Social Attitudes, Gender Differences, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Nonverbal Communication
Sex- and Age-Related Differences in Autistic Behaviours in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
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Chisholm, Anita K.; Lami, Francesca; Haebich, Kristina M.; Ure, Alex; Brignell, Amanda; Maloof, Tiba; Pride, Natalie A.; Walsh, Karin S.; Maier, Alice; Rouel, Melissa; Granader, Yael; Barton, Belinda; Darke, Hayley; Fuelscher, Ian; Dabscheck, Gabriel; Anderson, Vicki A.; Williams, Katrina; North, Kathryn N.; Payne, Jonathan M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
This study investigated sex and age differences in autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who scored within the clinical range on the Social Responsiveness Scale - Second Edition (T score [greater than or equal to] 60). Thirty-four males and 28 females (3-16 years) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
'If I Behave Like the Stupidly Kind Character Maybe I Will Stop Being Accidentally Rude to People': Does Reading Fiction Inform the Social Understanding and Masking Behaviours of Autistic Females?
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Jemima Hill – English in Education, 2024
Girls are consistently found to have higher literacy levels than their male peers and to consume more social narrative fiction. This study conducted interviews with four autistic girls to better understand how reading fiction can inform the camouflaging behaviours of autistic girls. Participants described how imitating characters embodying desired…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Females, College Students, Student Attitudes
Are There Gender-Based Variations in the Presentation of Autism amongst Female and Male Children?
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Simcoe, Sarah Mae; Gilmour, John; Garnett, Michelle S.; Attwood, Tony; Donovan, Caroline; Kelly, Adrian B. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
The Questionnaire for Autism Spectrum Conditions (Q-ASC; Attwood, Garnett & Rynkiewicz, 2011) is one of the few screening instruments that includes items designed to assess female-specific ASD-Level 1 traits. This study examined the ability of a modified version of the Q-ASC (Q-ASC-M; Ormond et al., 2018) to differentiate children with and…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Questionnaires, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Autism Spectrum Disorders
Longitudinal Stability and Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 Predictors of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale
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Jennifer C. Bullen; Sandy L. Birkeneder; Matthew C. Zajic; Lindsay Swain Lerro; Nancy McIntyre; Nicole Sparapani; Peter Mundy – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2025
A recent study suggests that parent report on the Social Symptom and Prosocial scales of the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale provides useful information about differences in the social development of school-aged autistic children. The current study provides additional psychometric data on the Childhood Joint Attention Rating Scale regarding…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Social Development, Child Development, Children
Exploring Lie Frequency and Emotional Experiences of Deceptive Decision-Making in Autistic Adults
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Tiegan Blackhurst; Lara Warmelink; Amanda Roestorf; Calum Hartley – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2025
Deception is a multi-faceted social behaviour that is pervasive in human communication. Due to differences in social communication and experiences, autistic and non-autistic adults may contrast in how they respond to situations that elicit deceptive decision-making. This study examined whether autistic and non-autistic adults differed in their…
Descriptors: Deception, Decision Making, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Task Analysis
Trajectories of Autism Symptom Severity for Boys and Girls across Childhood
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Einat Waizbard; Emilio Ferrer; Meghan Miller; Brianna Heath; Derek S. Andrews; Sally J. Rogers; Christine Wu Nordahl; Marjorie Solomon; David G. Amaral – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2025
Girls, more than boys, experience a decrease in the severity of autism symptoms during childhood. It is unclear, however, which specific autistic behaviors change more for girls than for boys. Trajectories of autism symptoms were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-calibrated severity scores (ADOS-CSS). Change in the…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Severity (of Disability), Gender Differences