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Download full textWolfe, Edward W.; Manalo, Jonathan R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This study examined scores from 133,906 operationally scored Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) essays to determine whether the choice of composition medium has any impact on score quality for subgroups of test-takers. Results of analyses demonstrate that (a) scores assigned to word-processed essays are slightly more reliable than…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
Direct linkZhang, Wei-yuan; Yeung, Lai-hung Au – Distance Education, 2003
The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of the first online self-directed inventory on the measurement of academic programme preferences (MAPP) for potential students at the Open University of Hong Kong (OUHK). In this study, trait-factor theory and personality type theory were employed. 1,963 respondents in Hong Kong were…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Open Universities, Lifelong Learning, Distance Education
