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Download full textXu, Jian; Qiu, Xuyan – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2022
This study aimed to develop and validate two parallel scales to measure the psychological L2 speaking and listening needs of 863 English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) learners. The associations between three psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) of L2 speaking and of L2 listening were examined to develop insights into…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Gender Differences, Majors (Students)
