This paper examines the relationship between ethnocentrism and motivation in language learning, focusing on the Ideal L2-Self and Ought to L2-Self constructs of the L2 Motivational Self System. Additionally, the study examined the potential moderating effect of gender on the relationships between ethnocentrism and both the Ideal L2-Self and Ought…

In recent years, interest in learning Korean as an additional language (KAL) has rapidly grown among Iranian youths and women. This study adopted a mixed-methods QUAN [right arrorw] qual design to examine Iranian learners' motivation for and experience in learning KAL. For this purpose, 174 Iranian learners of Korean were requested to complete a…

Language learning beliefs are considered to be an important factor influencing student learning outcomes. This mixed-methods research investigated English language learning beliefs of Iranian English language learners. Data were collected from 226 junior and senior male and female high school students using the Beliefs about Language Learning…

The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of positive and negative emotions on students' motivated learning behavior (i.e., their intended effort) to learn English in the Hungarian context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that we examined a number of positive and negative emotions and their effects on enjoyment as well as…

Self-construal refers to the process by which individuals define the self in relation to others. It underpins cognition, motivation, and social behavior. While the importance of the self is well acknowledged in the field of second language (L2) learning motivation, how self-construal is associated with L2 learning motivation in project-based…

While English medium instruction (EMI) programs proliferate around the globe, research on students' motivation and engagement (ME) in EMI remains underrepresented. Informed by a multidimensional conceptualization of ME as interconnected, this study employed an adapted Motivation and Engagement Scale to examine university students' ME in EMI…

Many institutes conduct extra English classes to allow weaker students to improve their English proficiency and cope with institutions' language demands. The study, therefore, sought to discover English as a Foreign Language (EFL) low-achieving learners' perceptions and motivation toward the English remedial program. The study also investigated…

Purpose: Learners' emotions are crucial because they contribute to learners' being active and their achievement in foreign language learning. Considering the importance of emotions, this study aimed to measure both foreign language enjoyment and anxiety and determine the underlying of these emotions. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods…

This study identifies the level of L2 motivational self-system (L2MSS) consisting of Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, and L2 Learning Experience, and the application of deep and surface learning strategies on high school students regarding gender and grades. The study is designed in both correlation and descriptive comparative models. The research…

This dissertation investigates the intricate relationships among global competence, cultural identity, and English learning motivation within the context of undergraduates in Southern China through a mixed-methods research design. Given the backdrop of accelerating globalization, this study underscores students' need to develop robust global…

Students' emotional engagement in the context of second language and foreign language classrooms can be seen as a multidimensional construct to include cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional dimensions of engagement. In Applied linguistics research, however, the term "engagement" is shared intuitively and optimally for language…

While the importance of motivation and engagement in L2 writing in higher education is well documented, research on L2 secondary students' English writing motivation and engagement remains scanty. This study used the adapted English Writing Motivation and Engagement Scale for High School (EW-MES-HS) and explored Chinese secondary students'…

This study examines Thai university students' perceptions of Interactive Response Systems (IRSs) in fully online English instruction, addressing the limited research on their use in virtual classrooms. A mixed-method approach, involving surveys and interviews with 289 participants, revealed generally positive perceptions of IRSs as tools that…

The COVID-19 pandemic brought changes around the world, especially in the education field where classes were shifted to only distance learning. This radical transformation could have affected students' level of engagement and motivation; therefore, it might also have had some influence on their performance. This study correlates English as a…

Online language learning with virtual classrooms (OLLVC) is becoming a reality to a large number of students across contexts. Yet students' motivation and engagement in OLLVC remains underexplored. The current study evaluated 6364 university students' motivation and engagement in OLLVC and its interrelationships with environmental support, learner…