Many scientists routinely generalize from study samples to larger populations. It is commonly assumed that this cognitive process of scientific induction is a voluntary inference in which researchers assess the generalizability of their data and then draw conclusions accordingly. We challenge this view and argue for a novel account. The account…

This study lies within the field of early-age algebraic thinking and focuses on describing the functional thinking exhibited by six sixth-graders (11- to 12-year-olds) enrolled in a curricular enhancement program. To accomplish the goals of this research, the structures the students established and the representations they used to express the…

Recent research has highlighted the role of functional relationships in introducing elementary school students to algebraic thinking. This functional approach is here considered to study essential components of algebraic thinking such as generalization and its representation, as well as the strategies used by students and their connection with…

Selecting and remembering the necessary information from rapidly increasing information requires summarization skills. Research on improving students' summarization skills has focused on deletion, generalization, and reconstruction strategies. However, direct teaching of these strategies does not yield successful results. For this reason,…

Quadratics provide a foundational context for making sense of many important algebraic concepts, such as variables and parameters, nonlinear rates of change, and views of function. Yet researchers have highlighted students' difficulties in connecting such concepts. This in-depth qualitative study with two pairs of Year 10 (15 or 16-year-old)…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention package consisting of systematic instruction and aided AAC modeling with speech-output technology on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of socio-communicative behaviors in four minimally speaking,…

The unique orthographic complexities of Japanese, which utilizes multiple types of scripts (morphographic kanji and syllabic hiragana and katakana) for the same spoken language, place unique demands on early learners. Much research has centered on the average ability of Japanese readers, but given the varying challenges of these scripts, attention…

The current study investigated perfectionism and procrastination from the trait and cognitive perspectives and addressed how they relate to components of a personal orientation toward failure. A sample of 327 undergraduate students completed three perfectionism measures (i.e., Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Hewitt-Flett…

This study examined the degree that reliability coefficients for scores on the PTGI generalize across participant and study characteristics. Meta-analytic procedures resulted in observed and predicted mean alpha coefficients ranging from acceptable to excellent and appeared to be largely unrelated to the participant characteristics included in our…

Previous work has shown that infants as young as 8 months of age can use certain features of the environment, such as the shape or color of visual stimuli, as cues to organize simple inputs into hierarchical rule structures, a robust form of reinforcement learning that supports generalization of prior learning to new contexts. However, especially…

Purpose: We investigated elementary school children's voluntary participation in parkour and team handball recess during generalization and maintenance by skill level and sex. Methods: In six schools, 45 girls and 68 boys from different classes received a 10-lesson sport education parkour (second grade) and team handball (third grade) season in…

Technology offers exciting possibilities for instruction with learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but limited research has evaluated the use of web-based applications (apps) as learning tools for this population. We wondered if using apps would function as a precurrent response to solve problems in the form of questions on a worksheet.…

The assessment of student responses to learning-strategy prompts, such as self-explanation, summarization, and paraphrasing, is essential for evaluating cognitive engagement and comprehension. However, manual scoring is resource-intensive, limiting its scalability in educational settings. This study investigates the use of Large Language Models…

The assessment of student responses to learning-strategy prompts, such as self-explanation, summarization, and paraphrasing, is essential for evaluating cognitive engagement and comprehension. However, manual scoring is resource-intensive, limiting its scalability in educational settings. This study investigates the use of Large Language Models…

This study explores ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) students' early algebraic thinking abilities by comparing them to their non-ASD peers. The first aim was to examine whether possible significant differences between ASD and non-ASD students in arithmetic also extend to early algebra. The second aim focused further on early algebraic thinking,…