We used a data set with n = 1,603 learners of foreign languages (FL) to develop and validate the short form of the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale (S-FLES). The data was split into 2 groups, and we used the first sample to develop the short-form measure. A 3-factor hierarchical model of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) was uncovered, with FLE as…

The implementation of data-driven decision-making practices (DDDM) is a key component of contemporary teachers' professional practice. As such, the measurement of DDDM and related constructs is important for multiple purposes in both research and practice (e.g., identifying teacher needs around DDDM, and monitoring teacher change in response to…

Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the fit of four factor models to high school students' responses to Paivio's Individual Differences Questionnaire (IDQ). Results showed that the IDQ's structure is best represented by a multifactor, oblique model and that five of the factors identified by Paivio can be replicated using a 34-item…

What might add quality to life during the last period of the life cycle? In study I, five focus groups of elderly participants representing different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds provided descriptions of quality of life (QOL) from their own perspectives. These descriptions formed the basis of a questionnaire that was administered to a…