Previous studies have attested to leaders "coup-proofing" their regimes by reducing the ability or disposition of their armies to seek their removal. The following article tests the utility of these efforts. "Structural" coup-proofing such as counterbalancing is expected to reduce the ability to organize a coup plot by creating substantial…

The ABA Division for Public Education asked a panel of experts--Joyce Baugh, Mary Dudziak, Michael Gerhardt, Timothy Johnson, John Maltese, Mark Moller, Jason Roberts, Elliot Slotnick, and David Yalof--to respond to questions about the judicial nomination process. These questions touched on the balance between the president and the Senate, the…

One week after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Congress passed an Authorization for the Use of Military Force (The Authorization) that authorized the president--"... to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist…

The questions that observers of Congress have posed throughout U.S. history continue to confront citizens: how have the constitutional powers of Congress adapted to new conditions, and how has this affected Congress's relations with the other branches of government. Congress, in its constitutional design, is part of the remedy for the problems of…

A comparison between authority structure in two Pueblo communities gives insights into their potential for developing community controlled educational programs. (JB)

Entrepreneurial bureaucrats act to enhance their chances for career advancement by becoming identified with successful development efforts. Evidence from Zambia illustrates the nature of entrepreneurialism in a public bureaucracy and the utility of the concept in the study of development administration. (Author)

The relationship between the federal German state ("Bund" or Federation) to the 16 constituent states known as Laender is explored in this document. The first part explains the federal structure; it contains the following sections: (1) Unity in Diversity; (2) Distribution of Responsibility; (3) Legislative Powers; (4)…

This final report announces the completion of a project, the purpose of which was to develop in coded machine retrievable form, a biographical data archive on the Soviet political elite, and in addition, to gather data on socio-economic and political factors in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The computer processed data is intended to help…

Considers whether the British Department of Education and Science has too much power and if it has destroyed the British Colleges of Education, by examining the background, concealed strategies, and public strategies of the department. (PG)

The author begins with a description of the purpose of the Communist Party Congress and traces its development from an open forum of debate and discussion (prior to 1924) to its more conservative and restrictive position. He contends that with its current emphasis on conservatism, the Communist Party Congress has three communicative roles: (1) it…

Explores environmental conditions, including formal aspects of political structure and the climate of governmental responsiveness, which are associated with the incidence of political protest activities directed toward urban institutions in American cities. Suggests that the incidence of protest is related to the nature of the political…

Professional educators have gained an upper hand in policy making while at the same time enjoying substantial insulation from public opinion and accountability. (MM)

Article III of the U.S. Constitution called for a federal judiciary that would dispense and administer justice in accordance with the principles on which the United States was founded. There was considerable ambivalence among the Founding Fathers as to what was the appropriate role for the judiciary, an ambivalence that has continued to the…

Even though the first citizens of the United States were skeptical about singular authority, the Constitution gave the president independent authority and strong powers. But as chief executive, he would be responsible to the people for the exercise of those powers. The modern presidency is a product of 200 years of growth and experience, yet much…

As stated in the Preamble, the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe has established this "Revised Constitution and Bylaws" in order to "form a better tribal government, exercise tribal rights and responsibilities and promote the welfare of the people". This "Revised Constitution" consists of 11 Articles which are identified…